First Report of Stemphylium lycopersici and Stemphylium vesicarium causing Leaf Spot on Lettuce (Lactuca sativa) in China

Liu, H.; Wang, H.; Liu, Hong; Lu, Xunli; Pan, Xi; Zhu, Huajun; Zhou, Qian

doi:10.1094/pdis-05-19-1052-pdn

Cited by 9 publications

(5 citation statements)

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“…During a prior identification of lettuce leaf spot pathogens ( 40 ), a particular S. lycopersici strain Stemphylium lycopersici Hu Nan-03 (SlHN-03) drew our attention given its abnormal phenotype ( Fig. 1 A ).…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Mycoviral gene integration converts a plant pathogenic fungus into a biocontrol agent

Liu

Wang

Liao

et al. 2022

Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A.

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Mycovirus-infected fungi can suffer from poor growth, attenuated pigmentation, and virulence. However, the molecular mechanisms of how mycoviruses confer these symptoms remain poorly understood. Here, we report a mycovirus Stemphylium lycopersici alternavirus 1 (SlAV1) isolated from a necrotrophic plant pathogen Stemphylium lycopersici that causes altered colony pigmentation and hypovirulence by specifically interfering host biosynthesis of Altersolanol A, a polyketide phytotoxin. SlAV1 significantly down-regulates a fungal polyketide synthase ( PKS1 ), the core enzyme of Altersolanol A biosynthesis. PKS1 deletion mutants do not accumulate Altersolanol A and lose pathogenicity to tomato and lettuce. Transgenic expression of SlAV1 open-reading frame 3 (ORF3) in S. lycopersici inhibits fungal PKS1 expression and Altersolanol A accumulation, leading to symptoms like SlAV1-infected fungal strains. Multiple plant species sprayed with mycelial suspension of S. lycopersici or S. vesicarium strains integrating and expressing ORF3 display enhanced resistance against virulent strains, converting the pathogenic fungi into biocontrol agents. Hence, our study not only proves inhibiting a key enzyme of host phytotoxin biosynthesis as a molecular mechanism underlying SlAV1-mediated hypovirulence of Stemphylium spp., but also demonstrates the potential of mycovirus-gene integrated fungi as a potential biocontrol agent to protect plants from fungal diseases.

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Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…S. lycopersici strains SlHN-03 (infected by SlAV1), SlHN-10, and S. vesicarium strain SvHN-02 were originally isolated from diseased lettuce leaves ( 40 ). A. alternata strain AaHN-06 and A. solani strain ZYAS-11 were isolated from leaves of tobacco brown spot and potato early blight, respectively.…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Mycoviral gene integration converts a plant pathogenic fungus into a biocontrol agent

Liu

Wang

Liao

et al. 2022

Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A.

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“…fungal pathogens are economically important. Many are necrotrophic pathogens that infect a wide spectrum of crops worldwide, including tomato [ 6 ], pepper [ 43 ], eggplant [ 44 ], onion [ 45 ], parsley [ 3 ], garlic [ 4 ], lettuce [ 5 ], and cotton [ 46 ]. However, their pathogenicity is poorly understood due to a lack of functional genomic studies.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The fungal genus Stemphylium includes many plant pathogens that infect economically important crops worldwide [ 1 , 2 , 3 , 4 , 5 ]. Four Stemphylium species, S. lycopersici , Stemphylium solani , Stemphylium vesicarium , and Stemphylium botryosum f. sp.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Stemphylium lycopersici Nep1-like Protein (NLP) Is a Key Virulence Factor in Tomato Gray Leaf Spot Disease

Lian

Han

Chen

et al. 2022

JoF

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The fungus Stemphylium lycopersici (S. lycopersici) is an economically important plant pathogen that causes grey leaf spot disease in tomato. However, functional genomic studies in S. lycopersici are lacking, and the factors influencing its pathogenicity remain largely unknown. Here, we present the first example of genetic transformation and targeted gene replacement in S. lycopersici. We functionally analyzed the NLP gene, which encodes a necrosis- and ethylene-inducing peptide 1 (Nep1)-like protein (NLP). We found that targeted disruption of the NLP gene in S. lycopersici significantly compromised its virulence on tomato. Moreover, our data suggest that NLP affects S. lycopersici conidiospore production and weakly affects its adaptation to osmotic and oxidative stress. Interestingly, we found that NLP suppressed the production of reactive oxygen species (ROS) in tomato leaves during S. lycopersici infection. Further, expressing the fungal NLP in tomato resulted in constitutive transcription of immune-responsive genes and inhibited plant growth. Through gene manipulation, we demonstrated the function of NLP in S. lycopersici virulence and development. Our work provides a paradigm for functional genomics studies in a non-model fungal pathogen system.

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“…More importantly, as necrotrophic parasitic fungi, they have wide host ranges that include important vegetable crops, such as tomato [7,8], pepper [9], and eggplant [3]. In recent years, several new hosts, such as lettuce [10], physali [11], asparagus [12], and watermelon [13], have been discovered and reported in certain areas. Therefore, the pathogenic mechanisms of the two species of Stemphylium against plants need to be well studied to effectively control the diseases that they cause.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Pathogenic Process-Associated Transcriptome Analysis of Stemphylium lycopersici from Tomato

Zhang

Chi

Wang

et al. 2022

International Journal of Genomics

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Tomato (Solanum lycopersicum) gray leaf spot disease is a predominant foliar disease of tomato in China that is caused mainly by the necrotrophic fungal pathogen Stemphylium lycopersici. Little is known regarding the pathogenic mechanisms of this broad-host-range pathogen. In this study, a comparative transcriptomic analysis was performed and more genetic information on the pathogenicity determinants of S. lycopersici during the infection process in tomato were obtained. Through an RNA sequencing (RNA-seq) analysis, 1,642 and 1,875 genes upregulated during the early infection and necrotrophic phases, respectively, were identified and significantly enriched in 44 and 24 pathways, respectively. The induction of genes associated with pectin degradation, adhesion, and colonization was notable during the early infection phase, whereas during the necrotrophic phase, some structural molecule activity-related genes were prominently induced. Additionally, some genes involved in signal regulation or encoding hemicellulose- and cellulose-degrading enzymes and extracellular proteases were commonly upregulated during pathogenesis. Overall, we present some putative key genes and processes that may be crucial for S. lycopersici pathogenesis. The abilities to adhere and colonize a host surface, effectively damage host cell walls, regulate signal transduction to manage infection, and survive in a hostile plant environment are proposed as important factors for the pathogenesis of S. lycopersici in tomato. The functional characterization of these genes provides an invaluable resource for analyses of this important pathosystem between S. lycopersici and tomato, and it may facilitate the generation of control strategies against this devastating disease.

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First Report of Stemphylium lycopersici and Stemphylium vesicarium causing Leaf Spot on Lettuce (Lactuca sativa) in China

Cited by 9 publications

References 1 publication

Mycoviral gene integration converts a plant pathogenic fungus into a biocontrol agent

Mycoviral gene integration converts a plant pathogenic fungus into a biocontrol agent

Stemphylium lycopersici Nep1-like Protein (NLP) Is a Key Virulence Factor in Tomato Gray Leaf Spot Disease

Pathogenic Process-Associated Transcriptome Analysis of Stemphylium lycopersici from Tomato

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