First Report of <i>Stromatinia gladioli</i> Causing Neck and Corm Rot of <i>Crocus sativus</i> in Spain

Muñoz, Ramona María; Lerma, María Luisa; Castillo, Purificación; Armengol, Josep; Somoza, E.; Woodhall, J. W.

doi:10.1094/pdis-02-19-0294-pdn

Cited by 5 publications

(4 citation statements)

References 2 publications

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“…Another thing that caught our attention was that the pathogens were isolated from the diseased corms and no pathogen was isolated from the diseased fields and tested for pathogenicity. Moreover, in the last 3 years, nobody has reported F. oxysporum , neither from rotten corms nor from the soil, as a pathogen, let alone as the most devastating pathogen ( Shuwen et al., 2019 ; Muñoz et al., 2020 ; Zhang et al., 2020 ; Mirghasempour et al., 2022a , Mirghasempour et al., 2022b ).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Injury and not the pathogen is the primary cause of corm rot in Crocus sativus (saffron)

et al. 2023

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Fusarium oxysporum has been reported to be the most devastating pathogen of Crocus sativus L., a commercially significant crop that yields the saffron spice. However, most of the pathogen isolations have been done from the diseased tissue, mostly from rotten corms, but no study has been conducted on diseased saffron fields. To fill the knowledge gap, the current study was carried out with the intention of recording the diversity of cultivable fungus species from saffron fields and screening them for pathogenicity towards saffron. The three study locations in Jammu and Kashmir, Srinagar (Pampore), Kishtwar, and Ramban, yielded a total of 45 fungal isolates. The internal transcribed spacer (ITS) of rDNA was used for the molecular identification. ITS rDNA-based sequence analysis classified all the operational taxonomic units (OTUs) into two phyla—Ascomycota (88.88%) and Mucoromycota (11.11%). Moreover, Fusarium (57.77%), Geotrichum (17.77%), Mucor (11.11%), Aspergillus (4.44%), Trichoderma (4.44%), Galactomyces (2.22%), and Colletotrichum (2.22%) all had different total abundances at the genus level. It was discovered that the saffron fields in Srinagar have fewer varied fungal species than the other two selected sites. All of the fungal isolates isolated including Fusarium solani, Aspergillus flavus, Trichoderma harzianum, Fusarium neocosmosporiellum, and Mucor circinelloides were pathogenic according to the pathogenicity test; however, injury to the saffron plant was found to be a must. These fungi were pathogenic in addition to F. oxysporum, which is well documented as a major cause of saffron corm rot diseases in Srinagar, but in the present study, injury was a must for F. oxysporum as well. The percentage disease severity index for both saffron roots and corms varied for each fungal isolate.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Injury and not the pathogen is the primary cause of corm rot in Crocus sativus (saffron)

et al. 2023

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“…Five saffron pathogens (F. oxysporum [36], F. solani [36], P. citreosulfuratum [37], P. citrinum [36], and S. gladioli [38]), isolated and identified from diseased saffron corms by our research team in 2020, were stored in a refrigerator at 4 • C.…”

Section: Pathogenic Strains For Antagonistic Testmentioning

confidence: 99%

In Vitro Study of Biocontrol Potential of Rhizospheric Pseudomonas aeruginosa against Pathogenic Fungi of Saffron (Crocus sativus L.)

Wang

Sun

et al. 2021

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Plant rhizosphere soil contains a large number of plant-growth promoting rhizobacteria, which can not only resist the invasion of pathogenic microorganisms and protect plants from damage, but also promote the growth and development of plants. In this study, Pseudomonas aeruginosa strain YY322, isolated and screened from the rhizosphere soil of saffron (Crocus sativus L.), was found through a plate confrontation experiment to show highly effectual and obvious antagonistic activity against the pathogens of saffron, including Fusarium oxysporum, Fusarium solani, Penicillium citreosulfuratum, Penicillium citrinum and Stromatinia gladioli. In addition, the volatile organic compounds of strain YY322 had great antagonistic activity against these pathogens. Observation under a scanning electron microscope and transmission electron microscope reflected that strain YY322 had a significant effect on the hyphae and conidia of F. oxysporum and F. solani. Through the detection of degrading enzymes, it was found that P. aeruginosa can secrete protease and glucanase. The plant growth promoting performance was evaluated, finding that strain YY322 had the functions of dissolving phosphorus, fixing nitrogen, producing siderophore and producing NH3. In addition, whole genome sequencing analysis indicated that the YY322 genome is comprised of a 6,382,345-bp circular chromosome, containing 5809 protein-coding genes and 151 RNA genes. The P. aeruginosa YY322 genome encodes genes related to phenazine (phzABDEFGIMRS), hydrogen cyanide(HCN) (hcnABC), surfactin (srfAA), salicylate (pchA), biofilm formation (flgBCDEFGHIJKL, motAB, efp, hfq), and colonization (minCDE, yjbB, lysC). These results collectively indicated the role of P. aeruginosa YY322 in plant growth enhancement and biocontrol mechanisms. All in all, this study provides a theoretical basis for P. aeruginosa as the PGPR of saffron, paving the way for the subsequent development and utilization of microbial fertilizer.

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“…However, C. sativus is a triploid plant that can only be propagated asexually by corms, which is vulnerable to infection with viruses and is difficult to cultivate. Saffron corm rot is a global problem that has limited the development of the saffron industry [ 8 , 9 , 10 ]. Worldwide, F. solani , F. oxysporum , F. culmorum , F. roseum , Trichoderma sp., Sclerotium rolfsii , Sclerotinia gladioli , Penicillium sp., Sclerotinia cormorum , Rhizoctonia crocorum , and Rhizopus oryzae can cause corm rot [ 10 , 11 , 12 , 13 , 14 , 15 ].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Saffron corm rot is a global problem that has limited the development of the saffron industry [ 8 , 9 , 10 ]. Worldwide, F. solani , F. oxysporum , F. culmorum , F. roseum , Trichoderma sp., Sclerotium rolfsii , Sclerotinia gladioli , Penicillium sp., Sclerotinia cormorum , Rhizoctonia crocorum , and Rhizopus oryzae can cause corm rot [ 10 , 11 , 12 , 13 , 14 , 15 ]. In China, external factors, such as climate and soil characteristics, have led to the increased incidence of and the increased severity of saffron corm disease.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Antagonism of Rhizosphere Streptomyces yangpuensis CM253 against the Pathogenic Fungi Causing Corm Rot in Saffron (Crocus sativus L.)

Wang

et al. 2022

Pathogens

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Plant diseases lead to a significant decline in the output and quality of Chinese herbal medicines. Actinomycetes play a vital role in the rhizosphere ecosystem. This is especially true for Streptomyces, which have become a valuable biological control resource because of their advantages in producing various secondary metabolites with novel structures and remarkable biological activities. The purpose of this study was to isolate an effective antagonistic actinomycete against the pathogen of corm rot in saffron. An antagonistic actinomycete, CM253, was screened from the rhizosphere soil samples of Crocus sativus, by plate co-culture with four pathogenic fungi (Fusarium oxysporum, Fusarium solani, Penicillium citreosulfuratum, and Penicillium citrinum). CM253 inhibited the growth and development of F. oxysporum hyphae by scanning electron microscopy (SEM) and transmission electron microscopy (TEM). Furthermore, by analyzing the degrading enzyme, the growth-promoting performance, and the whole genome of strain CM253, it was identified as Streptomyces yangpuensis, which produces NH3, protease, glucanase, cellulase, IAA, and ACC deaminase. In addition, 24 secondary metabolite synthesis gene clusters were predicted in antiSMASH. We identified genes encoding 2,3-butanediol; methionine; isoprene (metH, mmuM, ispEFH, gcpE, idi, and ilvABCDEH); biofilm formation; and colonization (upp, rfbBC, efp, aftA, pssA, pilD, fliA, and dhaM). Above all, S. yangpuensis CM253 showed the potential for future development as a biocontrol agent.

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First Report of Stromatinia gladioli Causing Neck and Corm Rot of Crocus sativus in Spain

Cited by 5 publications

References 2 publications

Injury and not the pathogen is the primary cause of corm rot in Crocus sativus (saffron)

Injury and not the pathogen is the primary cause of corm rot in Crocus sativus (saffron)

In Vitro Study of Biocontrol Potential of Rhizospheric Pseudomonas aeruginosa against Pathogenic Fungi of Saffron (Crocus sativus L.)

Antagonism of Rhizosphere Streptomyces yangpuensis CM253 against the Pathogenic Fungi Causing Corm Rot in Saffron (Crocus sativus L.)

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