First report of <i>Tomato chlorotic dwarf viroid</i> (TCDVd) in tomato in Norway and subsequent eradication.

Fox, Adrian; Daly, M.; Nixon, T.; Brurberg, May Bente; Blystad, Dag‐Ragnar; Harju, V.; Skelton, A.; Adams, Ian

doi:10.5197/j.2044-0588.2013.027.008

Cited by 9 publications

(12 citation statements)

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“…In this way, the number of reports describing its presence in tomato and other natural hosts, frequently asymptomatic ornamental plants, has dramatically raised in the last years Ling & Zhang, 2009;Candresse et al, 2010;Fox et al, 2013;Shiraishi et al, 2013;Van Bogaert et al, 2017;Verhoeven et al, 2017). In this work, we have reported for the first time the natural infection of eggplant plants by TCDVd.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 79%

“…TCDVd is a pospiviroid highly related to PSTVd (Singh et al, 1999;Di Serio et al, 2014) of increasing concern, as it causes important damages in the tomato crops (Singh et al, 1999;Candresse et al, 2010;Singh et al, 2010;Nie, 2012;Fox et al, 2013;Van Bogaert et al, 2017).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Plantlets and adult plants of eggplant testing positive for TCDVd, as well as siblings testing negative, were examined for symptoms of infection described in tomato, such as plant dwarfism, growth reduction, top bunching, epinasty, bronzing, leaf (in particular young ones) yellowing and curling, small and narrow leaves, and small and deformed fruits (Singh et al, 1999;Candresse et al, 2010;Singh et al, 2010;Nie, 2012;Fox et al, 2013;Van Bogaert et al, 2017). Negative testing siblings were used as controls and also examined for the same symptoms.…”

Section: Evaluation Of Symptomsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…In tomato, TCDVd may cause severe symptoms including plant dwarfism, top bunching, epinasty, leaf yellowing and size reduction, and fruit size reduction and deformation (Candresse et al, 2010;Fox et al, 2013;Van Bogaert et al, 2017). TCDVd, as other pospiviroids, has been frequently found to be naturally present in ornamental plants (James et al, 2008;Cervena et al, 2013;Candresse et al, 2017;Van Bogaert et al, 2017), which generally are asymptomatic (Shiraishi et al, 2013).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Detection, molecular characterisation and aspects involving the transmission of tomato chlorotic dwarf viroid in eggplant

Gramazio

Lerma

Villanueva

et al. 2019

Annals of Applied Biology

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Tomato chlorotic dwarf viroid (TCDVd) is a pospiviroid that causes severe disease symptoms in tomato. TCDVd is also naturally found in other crops and plants, in most occasions being asymptomatic. Apart from the natural hosts reported up to now, artificial inoculations have revealed that TCDVd can infect other plants, including eggplant (Solanum melongena). In a screening of seedlings of eggplant from a breeding programme we detected a pospiviroid, which we identified as TCDVd, representing the first report of natural infection of eggplant by TCDVd. The new TCDVd isolate of eggplant was detected by reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction (RT‐PCR) using primers TG21/CT20, initially designed to detect potato spindle tuber viroid. The new isolate sequence is close to a Brugmansia sanguinea isolate of TCDVd from the Netherlands, and most of the nucleotidic changes with respect to this isolate and to the reference genome sequence of TCDVd are found in the TR region. Naturally infected plants of eggplant with this TCDVd isolate did not display any disease symptoms. We demonstrated that in eggplant TCDVd is mechanically transmitted with low to moderate efficiency with cultivation practices, but not by plant‐to‐plant contact. Tomato plants artificially inoculated with the eggplant isolate of TCDVd tested positive for the presence of the viroid at 50 days after inoculation, but did not display any disease symptoms. Seed transmission to germinated seedlings of eggplant was variable among progenies from infected plants, ranging from 7.7% to 100.0%. Disinfection of seeds with chemical treatments with sodium hypochlorite and trisodium phosphate solutions plus thermotherapy at 80°C for 24 hr or 90°C for 6 hr was ineffective in reducing the rate of transmission by seed. We did not find evidence of horizontal transmission of TCDVd by pollen, but vertical transmission was highly efficient when healthy eggplant plants were pollinated with infected pollen. Our results indicate that asymptomatic infection of eggplant by TCDVd and high seed and pollen transmission rates may contribute to the spread of this viroid. The information we obtained is useful in order to implement measures for the prevention, control and eradication of TCDVd in eggplant crops, as well as to avoid their transmission to other hosts.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 79%

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Evaluation Of Symptomsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Detection, molecular characterisation and aspects involving the transmission of tomato chlorotic dwarf viroid in eggplant

Gramazio

Lerma

Villanueva

et al. 2019

Annals of Applied Biology

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“…Finding of TCDVd in Canada was soon confirmed in other countries. For example TCDVd, infecting tomatoes in the Netherlands [84], Japan [35], USA [31] France [7] and Norway [20]. In addition to the infection of tomato plants, TCDVd has been isolated from symptomless ornamental plants from India [79], Netherlands [85], UK [29] and Japan [54]…”

Section: Looming Threats To Crops From Viroids In Symptomless Ornamenmentioning

confidence: 99%

The discovery and eradication of potato spindle tuber viroid in Canada

Singh

2014

VirusDis.

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In 1960s, potato spindle tuber was thought to be a viral disease. In 1971, the agent of the disease was characterised as a low-molecular weight infectious ribonucleic acid (RNA), which was named as 'viroid', specifically Potato spindle tuber viroid (PSTVd)). Since then, more than 30 plant diseases in horticultural and ornamental plants have been shown to be caused by different viroids globally. Viroids are single-stranded RNA, covalently closed circular molecule, without any protein coat. They are the smallest known plant pathogen containing RNA genome ranging from 246 nucleotides (Coconut cadang-cadang viroid) to 399 nucleotides (Chrysanthemum chlorotic mottle viroid). Some viroids are located in the plant cell nucleus (pospiviroids) and others in the chloroplast (avsunviroids). With the recognition of pathogenic nature of viroid, specific detection methodologies were developed, which enabled detection of PSTVd in seed-potato tubers prior to their planting in the field, and thus PSTVd was prevented from spreading the disease. As a result, PSTVd was eradicated from Canada in late 1980s. Viroids similar to PSTVd (Pospiviroid) have been discovered and they are detected in symptomless ornamental plants. Although, PSTVd has been eradicated from Canada, there is a strong possibility of viroid introduction from other plants besides potato and tomato and causing PSTVd like diseases.

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