First report of L1014F-kdr mutation in Culex pipiens complex from Morocco

Bkhache, Meriem; Tmimi, Fatim‐Zohra; Charafeddine, O.; Faraj, Chafika; Failloux, Anna‐Bella; Sarih, M’hammed

doi:10.1186/s13071-016-1931-5

Cited by 29 publications

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“…This study showed that the distribution of the L1014F kdr mutation is widespread, particularly in the pipiens form and hybrids. Our previous report has documented the presence of a 1014 L/1014F genotype in three regions of Morocco including Tangier, Casablanca and Marrakech [ 22 ]. These results confirmed that the frequencies of 1014 L/1014F genotype are variable depending on the area [ 31 , 32 ], and the L1014F kdr mutation is widespread in different sites of Morocco from the North (Tangier) to Marrakech in the South.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Insecticide resistance and target site mutations (G119S ace-1 and L1014F kdr) of Culex pipiens in Morocco

et al. 2018

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BackgroundControl of the mosquito vector Culex pipiens with insecticides is the main way to control arboviruses that the species can transmit such as West Nile virus (WNV) and Rift Valley fever virus (RVFV). However, its efficiency has been hampered by the emergence of insecticide resistance. Little is known about the insecticide-resistance status and underlying resistance mechanisms of field-collected populations of Cx. pipiens in Morocco.MethodsMosquito adults from Mohammadia city in Morocco were reared from immature stages. The level of their susceptibility to insecticides was assessed using standard WHO bioassay. The two forms of the Cx. pipiens complex and their hybrids were identified by a multiplex PCR. Identified mosquitoes were then tested for the presence of the G119S ace-1 and L1014F kdr mutations using PCR-RFLP and PCR assays, respectively.ResultsWHO bioassays indicated that Cx. pipiens was resistant to all tested insecticides: lambda-cyhalothrin (49% mortality), permethrin (63% mortality), DDT (16% mortality), malation (52% mortality) and bendiocarb (39% mortality). The frequency of the 119S allele was almost identical in the pipiens form and hybrids (0.11 and 0.15, respectively) whereas it remained low in the molestus form (0.03). No significant correlation was observed between the G119S allele and the resistance phenotype to two tested insecticides (malathion and bendiocarb). The frequency of the L1014F allele was identical in the pipiens form and hybrids (0.44) whereas it was low in the molestus form (0.36) but no significant difference was detected (χ2 = 1.46, df = 1, P = 0.225). The presence of the L1014F kdr mutation was significantly associated with resistance to three tested insecticides in pipiens form (P = 0.0019, P = 0.0023 and P = 0.023, respectively, to lambda-cyhalothrin, permethrin and DDT) whereas no significant correlation was observed between the L1014F kdr mutation and resistance phenotype in molestus form and hybrids to the three tested insecticides.ConclusionThese findings showed that wild populations of Cx. pipiens have developed resistance against the main insecticide families with different modes of action: organochlorines (DDT), organophosphates (malathion), carbamates (bendiocarb), pyrethroids (lambda-cyhalothrin, permethrin). Therefore, urgent action should be taken to manage the resistance in this species to maintain the effectiveness of arbovirus control.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…pipiens larvae to temephos [ 20 , 21 ] and recently, our team described the presence of kdr mutation in different forms of Cx. pipiens [ 22 ]. This study aimed to evaluate the insecticide susceptibility status and investigate the target site mutation frequencies (G119S and L1014F) in Cx.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Insecticide resistance and target site mutations (G119S ace-1 and L1014F kdr) of Culex pipiens in Morocco

et al. 2018

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“…Le paludisme est la maladie parasitaire la plus répandue dans le monde (Bkhache, 2016 ;Labbé et al, 2017). Cette maladie endémique potentiellement mortelle, due à des parasites Hemococcidae du genre Plasmodium (P.), est transmise à l'homme par des piqûres des femelles d'Anopheles (An.)…”

Section: Introductionunclassified

Géographie du Paludisme dans la région de Libreville-Owendo-Akanda, Gabon

Mbouloungou¹,

Koumba²,

Mombo³

et al. 2019

ESJ

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In order to determine the geography of malaria, to know the spatial distribution of health facilities and to identify malaria risk areas in Libreville-Owendo-Akanda area, a study was conducted from july 2016 to june 2017. This study consisted of collecting hospital morbidity data and characterizing public and private health structures in the study area. The malaria data were collected in the clinics using the pre-designed and tested collection forms. than in the neighborhoods of the two other neighboring communes that are Owendo and Akanda. The results obtained contribute to make known the spatial distribution of health facilities and hot spots of malaria in the area of Libreville-Owendo-Akanda.

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“…Specific mutations in the gene coding for the voltage-gated sodium channel decrease neuronal sensitivity to pyrethroids, resulting in insecticide resistance [ 13 ]. This form of resistance, known as knockdown resistance ( kdr ), is one of the most common mechanisms of resistance among insects, including anophelines [ 14 – 16 ]. Two point mutations occurring in codon 1014 of the voltage-gated para sodium channel gene have been associated with insecticide resistance in Anopheles gambiae ( s.l. )…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Pyrethroid resistance in the major malaria vector Anopheles arabiensis in Nouakchott, Mauritania

et al. 2018

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BackgroundMauritania is one of the African countries with ongoing malaria transmission where data on insecticide resistance of local malaria vectors are limited despite an increasing use of long-lasting insecticide-treated nets (LLINs) as the main intervention for vector control. This study presents an evaluation of the level of insecticide resistance of Anopheles arabiensis in Nouakchott.MethodsAnopheles gambiae (s.l.) larvae were collected in breeding sites during the rainy season (August-September) in 2015 and 2016 from two selected sites in Nouakchott and reared until emergence. Adult anopheline mosquitoes were tested against malathion (5%), bendiocarb (0.1%), permethrin (0.75%) and deltamethrin (0.05%) using standard World Health Organization (WHO) insecticide-impregnated papers. PCR assays were used for the identification of An. gambiae (s.l.) sibling species as well as knockdown resistance (kdr).ResultsThe mean knockdown times 50% (KDT50) and 95% (KDT95) were 66 ± 17 and 244 ± 13 min, respectively, for permethrin in 2015. The KDT50 and the KDT95 were 39 ± 13 and 119 ± 13 min, respectively, for deltamethrin. The KDT50 and the KDT95 doubled for both molecules in 2016. The mortality rates 24 h post-exposure revealed that An. arabiensis populations in Nouakchott were fully susceptible to bendiocarb and malathion in 2015 as well as in 2016, while they were resistant to permethrin (51.9% mortality in 2015 and 24.1% mortality in 2016) and to deltamethrin (83.7% mortality in 2015 and 39.1% mortality in 2016). The molecular identification showed that Anopheles arabiensis was the only malaria vector species collected in Nouakchott in 2015 and 2016. Both the West and East African kdr mutant alleles were found in An. arabiensis mosquitoes surviving exposure to pyrethroid insecticide, with a high rate of homozygous resistant genotypes (54.3% for the West African kdr mutation and 21.4% for the East African kdr mutation) and a significant departure from Hardy-Weinberg proportions (χ2 = 134, df = 3, P < 0.001).ConclusionsThe study showed high levels of pyrethroid resistance in An. arabiensis populations in Nouakchott and presence of both West and East African kdr alleles in the resistant phenotype. These results highlight a need for routine monitoring of susceptibility of malaria vector populations to insecticides used in public health programs.

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First report of L1014F-kdr mutation in Culex pipiens complex from Morocco

Cited by 29 publications

References 32 publications

Insecticide resistance and target site mutations (G119S ace-1 and L1014F kdr) of Culex pipiens in Morocco

Insecticide resistance and target site mutations (G119S ace-1 and L1014F kdr) of Culex pipiens in Morocco

Géographie du Paludisme dans la région de Libreville-Owendo-Akanda, Gabon

Pyrethroid resistance in the major malaria vector Anopheles arabiensis in Nouakchott, Mauritania

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