First report of Neospora caninum infection in cattle in Sudan

Abstract

A cross-sectional survey was conducted in Sudan to determine sero-prevalence and risk factors associated with Neospora caninum infection in nonvaccinated dairy herds and to assess importance of the disease. Blood samples were collected from a total of 262 animals from 25 herds. Sera were tested for antibodies against N. caninum using ELISA test. The prevalence rates of N. caninum antibodies in cattle were high both at herd level (44%) and at individual animal level (10.7%). Herd level infection rates were similar in Khartoum State (43.7%) and at Gazira States (44.4%). The overall prevalence rates were higher (16.1%) in Gazira State than in Khartoum State (9%) but with no significant variation. The sero-prevalence at individual animal level was significantly higher (p<0.05) in animals with history of abortion (12.8%) than in apparently healthy animal (11.3%), animal with history of infertility (8.1%), or neonatal death of calves (4.3%). In addition, significantly higher (P<0.05) sero-prevalence was observed in samples collected during the rainy season (6.87%) than winter (3.05%) or summer (0.76%). However, no significant differences in sero-prevalence due to locality, animal breed, sex, and age were observed (p > 0.05). This preliminary study reveals for the first time the existence of natural N. caninum infection in Sudan. Also, the findings of the present study indicated that this disease is highly prevalent in two major areas of dairy production in the country, and this calls for control strategy to be implemented.

Seroprevalence and Risk Factors Associated With Neospora Caninum in Dairy Cattle of Western Dairy Pocket Area in Chitwan District of Nepal

“…Neosporosis has been reported in many countries (Kim et al, 2002;Kim et al, 1998;Gondim et al, 2004) with different prevalence rates since the disease was recognized in 1988. The seroprevalence of antibody to N. caninum in this study is 4.84%, in dairy cattle of western dairy pocket area in Chitwan, is lower than that reported for cattle in Brazil (14.09%) (Gondim et al, 2004), Romania (34.6%) (Gvavrea et al, 2011), Pakistan (43%) (Nazir et al, 2013), Jordan (35 %) (Talafha and Al-Majali, 2013), China (15.07%) (Xu et al, 2012), India (12.61%) (Sengupta et al, 2012), Iran (10.5%) (Nematollahi et al, 2011), Sudan (10.7%) (Ibrahim et al, 2012) but resembles that reported in Australia (3.2%) (Nasir et al, 2012), Korea (4.1%) (Kim et al, 2002), Czech Republic (5.83%) (Vaclavek et al, 2003), France (5.6%) (Ould et al, 1999) and Japan (5.7%) (Koiwai et al, 2006). This difference in seroprevalence may be due to the type of test used, their cut-off points, change in geographic area, variation in sample size and other associated risk factors.…”

Seroprevalence of Bluetongue Virus in Dairy Herds with Reproductive Problems in Sudan

“…This indicates that other agents may be involved in these problems. Indeed, earlier studies have shown that agents such as bovine viral diarrhea virus, bovine herpes viruses 1 and 4, Akabane virus and Neospora caninum were highly prevalent in cattle in Sudan [25–27]. …”

Atık yapan sığırlarda Anti-Neospora caninum antikorlarının yaygınlığının araştırılması

“…Bu çalışmada, atık yapmış sığırların %32,35'inde N. caninum tespit edilmiştir. Çalışma sonucu, çeşitli ülkelerde atık yapan sığırlarda N. caninum yaygınlığının c-ELISA ile araştırıldığı çalışmalarla karşılaştırıldığında, Bulgaristan'dan (%10) [15], Çekya'dan (%0,5-3,9) [8,15], Polonya'dan (%15,6) [15], Slovakya (%22,2)'dan [15], Sırbistan'dan (%7,2-15,4) [22,23], Romaya'dan (%27,7) [20] ve Sudan'dan (%10,7) [18], daha yüksek bulunmuşken, yine bu oranın Brezilya'dan (%42,1), Meksika'dan (%42-59), ABD'den (%79), Portekiz'den (%49), İspanya'dan (%35,4), İsveç'ten (%63), Birleşik Krallık (%60), Yeni Zelenda (%50-53)'dan [15] ve Pakistan'dan (%43) [27] daha düşük olduğu görülmüştür.…”