First report of oomycetes associated with the invasive tree Parkinsonia aculeata (Family: Fabaceae)

Steinrucken, T. V.; Aghighi, S.; Hardy, G.; Bissett, Andrew; Powell, Jeff R.; Klinken, Rieks D. van

doi:10.1007/s13313-017-0494-z

Cited by 4 publications

(3 citation statements)

References 42 publications

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“…Affectations have been reported in woody non-fruit species (family: fabaceae) in association with Phytophthora palmivora (Steinrucken et al, 2017). With the above, the first report of the oomycete P. vexans affecting avocado trees in the ΦYTON ISSN 0031 9457 (2019) 88: 11-13 most important producing region of the state of Michoacan in the Mexican Republic is confirmed.…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 69%

First report of Phytopythium vexans causing the “Avocado sadness” in Michoacan, Mexico

Hernández-Pérez¹,

Chávez²,

Ortiz³

et al. 2019

Phyton

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Mexico is the main producer, consumer and exporter of avocado in the world, being Michoacan the main producer state contributing more than 80% of the national production. There are phytopathogens that decimate the production causing the death of the tree. Root samples were collected in avocado trees that showed the characteristic symptomatology of the disease known as avocado sadness, the sampling was carried out in four of the main avocado producing towns, in the state of Michoacan, Mexico. The isolation consisted in sowing root tissue in Petri dishes with V8®-PARPH culture medium, subsequently they were identified morphologically and for species level it was determined by molecular biology, with the PCR-ITS technique. Pathogenicity tests were performed in triplicate with avocado seedlings with more than six leaves. After 24 hours, the inoculated plants expressed decay in the apical part, after 120 hours the leaves showed yellowing and after 15 days there was a generalized wilt on the stem and leaves, re-isolating the phytopathogen Phytopythium vexans. This study confirms the first report of the oomycete P. vexans affecting avocado trees in the most important producing region of the Mexican Republic.

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Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 69%

First report of Phytopythium vexans causing the “Avocado sadness” in Michoacan, Mexico

Hernández-Pérez¹,

Chávez²,

Ortiz³

et al. 2019

Phyton

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“…Following extraction, 20 ul PCR reactions were set up using 4 ul MyTaq® Reaction buffer (Bioline, London UK), Phythopthora -specific primers (0.2 uM DC6 (forward primer) and 0.2 uM ITS4 (reverse primer) (Table 1 ), 0.4 ul MyTaq® DNA Polymerase (Bioline, London UK), and 0.25 ul Bovine Serum Albumin (Thermofisher Scientific, Waltham MA, USA), and 10 ng DNA template and PCR grade water were added to each reaction to reach and final volume of 20 ul. PCR conditions were adapted from Steinrucken et al ( 2017 ), consisting of 96 °C 2 min; 10 cycles of 95 °C for 30 s, 54 °C for 30 s and 72 °C for 1 min; 25 cycles of 95 °C for 30 s, 56 °C for 30 s and 72 °C for 1 min; and a final round of 72 °C for 7 min. Amplification of each isolate was checked using gel electrophoresis on 1% Agarose, with a known Phytophthora isolate ( Phytophthora medicaginis ) as a positive control (isolated from chickpea plants grown by Donovin Coles, Western Sydney University).…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…To identify these specific isolates, 20 ul PCR reactions were set up using 4 ul MyTaq® Reaction buffer (Bioline, London UK), ITS1f (0.2 uM DC6 (forward primer) and 0.2 uM ITS4 (reverse primer) (Table 1 ), 0.4 ul MyTaq® DNA Polymerase (Bioline, London UK), and 0.25 ul Bovine Serum Albumin (Thermofisher Scientific, Waltham MA, USA), and 10 ng DNA template and PCR grade water were added to each reaction to reach and final volume of 20 ul. PCR conditions were adapted from Steinrucken et al ( 2017 ), consisting of 94 °C for 5 min; followed by 35 cycles of 94 °C for 30s, 55 °C for 30s and 72 °C for 30s; and a final extension of 72 °C for 5 min (Anderson et al 2003 ). All PCR products were checked using gel electrophoresis and Sanger sequencing and taxonomic annotation of all DNA sequences was performed as described above.…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Soil chemistry and fungal communities are associated with dieback in an Endangered Australian shrub

Andres¹,

Emery

Rymer³

et al. 2022

Plant Soil

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Background and aims Field surveys across known populations of the Endangered Persoonia hirsuta (Proteaceae) in 2019 suggested the soil environment may be associated with dieback in this species. To explore how characteristics of the soil environment (e.g., pathogens, nutrients, soil microbes) relate to dieback, a soil bioassay (Experiment 1) was conducted using field soils from two dieback effected P. hirsuta populations. Additionally, a nitrogen addition experiment (Experiment 2) was conducted to explore how the addition of soil nitrogen impacts dieback. Methods The field soils were baited for pathogens, and soil physiochemical and microbial community characteristics were assessed and related to dieback among plants in the field and nursery-grown plants inoculated with the same field soils. Roots from inoculated plants were harvested to confirm the presence of soil pathogens and root-associated endophytes. Using these isolates, a dual culture antagonism assay was performed to examine competition among these microbes and identify candidate pathogens or pathogen antagonists. Results Dieback among plants in the field and Experiment 1 was associated with soil physiochemical properties (nitrogen and potassium), and soil microbes were identified as significant indicators of healthy and dieback-affected plants. Plants in Experiment 2 exhibited greater dieback when treated with elevated nitrogen. Additionally, post-harvest culturing identified fungi and other soil pathogens, some of which exhibited antagonistic behavior. Conclusion This study identified candidate fungi and soil physiochemical properties associated with observed dieback and dieback resistance in an Endangered shrub and provides groundwork for further exploring what drives dieback and how it can be managed to promote the conservation of wild populations.

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Exploring the Role of Fungal Endophytes in the Sudden Death Syndrome of the Invasive Shrub Chrysanthemoides monilifera subsp. rotundata in Australia

Morin

Bissett

Klinken

2022

Phytobiomes Journal

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Pathogens that attack invasive plants can positively affect the integrity and functioning of ecosystems. Stem-tip dieback and extensive wilting followed by sudden death have been observed in Chrysanthemoides monilifera subsp. rotundata (bitou bush), one of Australia’s worst invasive shrubs. Metabarcoding and culturing methods were used to investigate if fungi are implicated in this syndrome. Metabarcoding results revealed significantly different endophytic fungal communities within healthy and diseased bitou bush, and co-located native plants. There was no difference in fungal communities between soil sampled in the root zone of healthy and diseased bitou bush at the same site. Two Diaporthe sp. operational taxonomic units (OTUs), dominant at sites with extensive wilting, explained 30% of the similarity between diseased bitou bush across all sites. Two other OTUs, Austropleospora osteospermi and Coprinellus sp., explained 20 and 40% of the similarity between diseased plants, respectively, and were only dominant at sites with dead or stunted, partially defoliated but not wilted bitou bush. A Penicillium sp. OTU explained 90% of the similarity between healthy bitou bush. Various Diaporthe spp. dominated isolations from diseased bitou bush. Manipulative experiments confirmed Diaporthe spp. pathogenicity on bitou bush excised and in-situ stems. In another experiment, Diaporthe masirevicii infected flowers and from there colonized stems endophytically, but wilting and sudden death of bitou bush did not occur within the experimental timeframe. Our study provides circumstantial evidence that bitou bush sudden death syndrome is the result of a shift in the composition of its endophytic fungal community, from mutualist to pathogenic species.

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First report of oomycetes associated with the invasive tree Parkinsonia aculeata (Family: Fabaceae)

Cited by 4 publications

References 42 publications

First report of Phytopythium vexans causing the “Avocado sadness” in Michoacan, Mexico

First report of Phytopythium vexans causing the “Avocado sadness” in Michoacan, Mexico

Soil chemistry and fungal communities are associated with dieback in an Endangered Australian shrub

Exploring the Role of Fungal Endophytes in the Sudden Death Syndrome of the Invasive Shrub Chrysanthemoides monilifera subsp. rotundata in Australia

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