First report of phenotypic and genotypic (blaOXA-61) beta-lactam resistance in Campylobacter jejuni from broilers in Indonesia

Abstract

Background and Aim: Campylobacter is a zoonotic bacterium that is a major source of foodborne diseases. In humans, most cases of campylobacteriosis are caused by Campylobacter jejuni. Poultry is the main reservoir of Campylobacter for humans, because Campylobacter is part of the normal flora of the digestive tract of poultry. Antimicrobial resistance to several antibiotics in Campylobacter isolated from humans and food animals has increased rapidly. Beta-lactam is an antibiotic with a high prevalence of resistance in Campylobacter. This study aimed to investigate phenotypic and genotypic (blaOXA-61) beta-lactam resistance in C. jejuni from broilers in Indonesia. Materials and Methods: A total of 100 samples of broiler intestinal contents were obtained from 10 broiler farms in Pasuruan Regency, Indonesia. Campylobacter jejuni was identified using conventional and polymerase chain reaction (PCR)-based methods. Phenotypic detection of beta-lactam resistance was performed using an antimicrobial susceptibility test with antibiotic disks of aztreonam, ampicillin, and amoxicillin-clavulanic acid. Genotypic detection by PCR was performed using the blaOXA-61 gene, which encodes beta-lactamase. Results: Campylobacter jejuni was identified in 23% of the samples. Phenotypically, 100% (23/23) and 73.9% (17/23) C. jejuni isolates had high resistance to aztreonam and ampicillin, respectively, but all isolates were susceptible to amoxicillin–clavulanic acid. Genotypically, all isolates carried blaOXA-61, indicated by the presence of a 372-bp PCR product. Conclusion: Campylobacter jejuni is highly resistant to beta-lactams and is a serious threat to human health. Resistance to beta-lactams should be monitored because beta-lactamase genes can be transferred between bacteria. Public awareness must also be increased on the importance of using antibiotics rationally in humans and animals. Keywords: antimicrobial resistance, beta-lactam, blaOXA-61, Campylobacter jejuni, human health.

Antimicrobial resistance in Campylobacter species isolated from commercially sold steak (beef) and raw cow milk in Abakaliki, Nigeria

“…Premarathne et al (2017) also reported very high resistance of Campylobacter to tetracycline (76.9%) and ampicillin (69.2%); many isolates were relatively susceptible to chloramphenicol as resistance recorded was as low as 7.6%. Yanestria et al (2023) reported the blaOxa-61 gene on Campylobacter jejuni detected in all 23 C. jejuni isolates from broilers in Indonesia, and also a total of 31 Campylobacter jejuni isolates were tested using PCR to detect the gyrA gene encoding fluorquinolone resistance and all (100%) detected the gyrA gene (Yanestria et al 2024).…”

“…In the developing world, water and milk remain the predominant means of transmission of campylobacteriosis. Therefore, it is clear that reducing Campylobacter in water and foods is a desirable target for maintaining the safety of essential resources (Rukambile et al 2019;Yanestria et al 2023).…”

“…While antimicrobial-resistant Campylobacter spp. has been reported worldwide, there is widespread and largely uncontrolled use of antimicrobials (Rukambile et al 2019;Yanestria et al 2023); these situations might be more severe in developing countries.…”