First Report of the Carrot Cyst Nematode (<i>Heterodera carotae</i>) From Carrot Fields in Ontario, Canada

Yu, Qinghua; Пономарева, Екатерина; Dyk, D. Van; McDonald, Mary Ruth; Sun, F.; Madani, Mehrdad; Tenuta, Mario

doi:10.1094/pdis-01-17-0070-pdn

Cited by 16 publications

(13 citation statements)

References 2 publications

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“…The nematode is known to be present in Europe and Michigan, U.S.A. (Graney 1985;Greco 1986). Recently, the nematode was identified and found to be prevalent in carrot fields in the Holland Marsh, Ontario (Yu et al 2017). Parasitism by this nematode causes stunting and forking, rendering the carrot unmarketable (Greco 1986).…”

Section: The Canadian Phytopathological Societymentioning

confidence: 99%

“…In 2017, Ontario produced 180,601 tonnes of carrots with a farmgate value of~$45 million (OMAFRA 2018). In the Holland Marsh, H. carotae is believed to be responsible for upwards of 35% yield loss in some fields (Yu et al 2017). The distribution of H. carotae in other commercial carrot-growing counties in Ontario is unknown.…”

Section: The Canadian Phytopathological Societymentioning

confidence: 99%

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Canadian Plant Disease Survey 2019 Volume 99: Disease Highlights 2018

2019

Canadian Journal of Plant Pathology

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The British Columbia Ministry of Agriculture (BCAGRI) Plant Health Laboratory provides diagnoses of diseases caused by fungi, bacteria, viruses, plant parasitic nematodes and insect pests of agricultural crops grown in British Columbia. Between January 1 and November 30, 2018, the laboratory received 921 samples including Christmas trees, field crops, greenhouse vegetable and floriculture crops, forest nursery seedlings, herbaceous and woody ornamentals, small fruits, tree fruits, nuts and specialty crops for diagnosis. No significantly new or unusually high level of any disease was detected in the samples. METHODS:The BCAGRI Plant Health Laboratory provides diagnoses for diseases caused by fungi, bacteria, viruses, plant parasitic nematodes, and insect pests of agricultural crops grown in British Columbia. Samples were submitted to the laboratory by ministry staff, growers, agri-businesses, munici-palities and Master Gardeners. Diagnoses were accomplished by visual and microscopic examination, culturing onto artificial media, biochemical identification of bacteria using BIOLOG®, serological testing of viruses, fungi and bacteria with micro-well and membrane-based enzymelinked immunosorbent assay (ELISA). Molecular tech-niques (polymerase chain reaction (PCR) (conventional and/or real time) were used for some species-specific diagnoses. Electron microscopic examination was performed on samples with unknown virus-like symptoms. Some specimens were referred to other laboratories for identification or confirmation of the diagnosis. RESULTS AND COMMENTS: Overall in 2018, British Columbia had a wet spring followed by a long dry summer. The wet weather in the spring supported bacterial blights on woody ornamentals, tree fruits and berry crops. Fire blight incidence was higher in tree fruit and woody ornamental crops. Fruit rots and postharvest rots were much lower than normal due to dry weather in late summer. Diseases and their causal agents diagnosed on crop samples submitted to the laboratory are presented in the following Tables 1-11 organized by crop category. Diagnoses not listed include: abiotic symptoms such as nutritional stress, pH imbalance, water stress, drought stress, physiological response to adverse growing conditions, genetic abnormalities, environmental and chemical stresses including herbicide damage, fruit abortion due to lack of pollination, insect-related injury and damage where no conclusive causal factor was identified.

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Section: The Canadian Phytopathological Societymentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: The Canadian Phytopathological Societymentioning

confidence: 99%

Canadian Plant Disease Survey 2019 Volume 99: Disease Highlights 2018

2019

Canadian Journal of Plant Pathology

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“…This nematode might cause serious problem in the carrot growing areas in Italy leading to yield loss around 20 to 90% in carrots (Greco et al, 1994). Distribution of this nematode is mostly restricted to Europe and South Africa, however, in North America it has been found in Ontario, Canada, and Michigan, United States (Graney, 1985;Berney and Bird, 1992;Subbotin et al, 2010;Madani et al, 2018;Yu et al, 2017). In 2016, the Puebla State of Mexico was the first producer of carrots at national level with an annual production of 75,950 t (SIAP, 2017).…”

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confidence: 99%

First Report of Carrot Cyst Nematode Heterodera carotae in Mexico: Morphological, Molecular Characterization, and Host Range Study

Escobar-Avila

López-Villegas

Subbotin

et al. 2018

Journal of Nematology

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During 2008 to 2016 in several nematological surveys in the Tepeaca Valley, Puebla, Mexico, carrot cyst nematode, Heterodera carotae was found parasitizing carrots, Daucus carota. The nematode was present in 61% of the sampled fields with high population densities, causing severe carrot yield losses in the Tepeaca Valley. The aim of this work was to study morphology, morphometrics, host range, and molecular characterization of the nematode. The morphological and morphometric characterization was made using light and scanning electron microscopy of the second stage juveniles, females, males and cysts, and the host range study, was performed with nine different plants from five families. The molecular identification was made by sequencing and analysing the ITS rRNA and partial COI genes. It was shown that using presently available molecular tools it is not possible to make an accurate differentiation of H. carotae from H. cruciferae. The host range test allowed to distinguish these species from each other. Our study showed that male stylet length is longer for H. carotae compared with that for H. cruciferae. This is an example of importance of combination of several methods for the correct identification of cyst nematodes. To our knowledge, this is the first report of H. carotae in Mexico.

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“…As a result, infestations in the field correspond to irregular areas of stunted plants, characterized by small, abnormally developed and unmarketable carrots. Heterodera carotae is present in most carrot‐growing regions worldwide: in the state of Michigan in the USA (Berney & Bird, ), in the province of Ontario in Canada (Yu et al , ), in an important Mexican carrot‐producing area (Escobar‐Avila et al , ), in 16 European countries including France (Osborne, ; Mugniery & Bossis, ; Gautier et al , ) and in South Africa (Subbotin et al , ). The range of estimated carrot crop losses related to H. carotae were estimated to be 20% to 90% in Italy (Greco et al , ) and more than 35% in Ontario (Yu et al , ).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Evidence of strong gene flow among French populations of the carrot cyst nematode Heterodera carotae

et al. 2019

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The recent ban of the most efficient chemical nematicides has left growers without methods for controlling the carrot cyst nematode Heterodera carotae. This phytoparasitic nematode species has a very narrow host range and causes severe crop losses in the main carrot‐growing regions worldwide. The development of alternative means of management of H. carotae is thus essential, and knowledge is required about the adaptive abilities of H. carotae, which mainly depend on gene flow among populations. The goal of this study was to describe the genetic structure of H. carotae populations at the spatial scale of the main infested French carrot‐producing region, i.e. Lower Normandy, and to disentangle the causes of the heterozygote deficit in this polyvoltine species. Microsatellite genotyping of populations collected at both the plant and field scales showed that: (i) the heterozygote deficit is mainly due to substructure; and (ii) there is strong gene flow among populations, leading to low FST and to no clear genetic structure at the spatial scale explored here. Soil transport through both agricultural machinery and the transport of leek seedlings is probably responsible for the very strong H. carotae migration among fields and production areas. Measures should be considered to limit the passive spread of H. carotae.

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First Report of the Carrot Cyst Nematode (Heterodera carotae) From Carrot Fields in Ontario, Canada

Cited by 16 publications

References 2 publications

Canadian Plant Disease Survey 2019 Volume 99: Disease Highlights 2018

Canadian Plant Disease Survey 2019 Volume 99: Disease Highlights 2018

First Report of Carrot Cyst Nematode Heterodera carotae in Mexico: Morphological, Molecular Characterization, and Host Range Study

Evidence of strong gene flow among French populations of the carrot cyst nematode Heterodera carotae

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