First report of the fungus <i>Gnomoniopsis smithogilvyi</i> causing cankers on sweet chestnut (<i>Castanea sativa</i>) in Ireland

O'Loinsigh, Brian; McAuley, D.; Bréchon, A.L.; Lopez-Vernaza, Manuel A.; Ryan, C.; Destefanis, M.L.; O'Hanlon, R.

doi:10.1002/ndr2.12072

Cited by 3 publications

(3 citation statements)

References 6 publications

(4 reference statements)

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“…In Portugal, farmers started reporting an "unknown" rot in 2018, for which special evidence was gathered in 2019, and it is currently considered to be responsible for up to 80 or 90% of chestnut production losses in some regions of the country (non-published data). This fungus has now been isolated, identified, characterized and reported in chestnuts from the United Kingdom [17], United States of America [18], Chile [19], Spain [20], Ireland [21] and Turkey [22]. In Portugal, the first reports of the isolation of G. smithogilvyi from pre-harvest chestnuts were in 2017 [23] and in 2021 [24], and in post-harvest chestnuts in 2019 [25].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Chestnut Brown Rot and Gnomoniopsis smithogilvyi: Characterization of the Causal Agent in Portugal

Possamai

Dallemole-Giaretta

Gomes-Laranjo

et al. 2023

JoF

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Sweet chestnut (Castanea sativa Miller) is a nutritious food with high social and economic impacts in Portugal. The fungus Gnomoniopsis smithogilvyi (syn. Gnomoniopsis castaneae) is the causal agent of chestnut brown rot, and is currently considered one of the major threats to the chestnut production chain worldwide. Considering the lack of knowledge on both the disease and the causal agent in Portugal, studies were conducted in an attempt to develop the necessary control strategies towards the mitigation of the disease in a timely way. Isolates of G. smithogilvyi were selected from three varieties of chestnut from the northeast of Portugal, and were characterized at the morphological, ecophysiological and molecular levels. Tests of pathogenicity and virulence were also developed. Gnomoniopsis smithogilvyi was confirmed as the causal agent of brown rot disease in Portuguese chestnut varieties, which showed high susceptibility. The fungus showed high adaptability to chestnut substrates. The Portuguese isolates of G. smithogilvyi are morphologically and genetically similar to those from other countries, even though some physiological variability was observed among them.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Chestnut Brown Rot and Gnomoniopsis smithogilvyi: Characterization of the Causal Agent in Portugal

Possamai

Dallemole-Giaretta

Gomes-Laranjo

et al. 2023

JoF

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“…It has been reported to exhibit diverse lifestyles as an endophyte, inhabiting different asymptomatic chestnut tree plant tissues, and as a pathogen, causing "brown rot" in fruits [22,24,25]. G. smithogilvyi can also cause cankers, as reported by Dar and Rai [26] in India, Lewis et al [27] in the United Kingdom, Trapiello et al [28] in Spain, O Loinsigh et al [29] in Ireland, and Aglietti et al [30]. In fact, the bark canker caused by G. smithogilvyi shows a symptomatology very similar to that caused by the chestnut blight pathogen Cryphonectria parasitica, which is the causal agent of chestnut canker [31], but the severity may be distinct.…”

Section: Gnomoniopsis Smithogilvyi-biology Epidemiology Symptomatolog...mentioning

confidence: 94%

Brown Rot Caused by Gnomoniopsis smithogilvyi (syn. Gnomoniopsis castaneae) at the Level of the Chestnut Tree (Castanea sativa Mill.)

et al. 2023

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The European chestnut tree (Castanea sativa Mill.) has great economic importance, mostly due to the recognized nutritional value of its fruit. Thus, the development and improvement of the techniques of the production, preservation, and control of the diseases/pests of chestnut trees is a topic of great interest to producers, companies, researchers, and consumers to ensure the quality of this exceptional fruit. Recently, an emerging rot in chestnuts caused by the fungus Gnomoniopsis smithogilvyi (syn. Gnomoniopsis castaneae Tamietti) (Gnomoniaceae, Diaporthales) was reported both in Australia and Europe. Since then, the number of records of this pathogen in several countries of the world (Europe and Asia) where Castanea spp. is cultivated has been increasing. This disease, called “brown rot”, has been causing significant production losses, raising serious concerns for producers and the chestnut industry. This review describes the world distribution and life cycle of the causal agent of brown rot. The life cycle of G. smithogilvyi can involve primary infection, caused by ascospores, and secondary infection, related to the asexual phase of the fungus (conidia). Then, the analytical methods used to detect G. smithogilvyi are described. Furthermore, the incidences of the disease caused by G. smithogilvyi are presented, ranging from 5 to 94%, with high infection rates causing significant economic losses. The damages caused by G. smithogilvyi are discussed. In fact, it can act as an endophyte or as a pathogenic fungus, causing fruit rot, canker in several plant tissues, and necrosis in leaves, as well as in galls caused by the gall wasp Dryocosmus kuriphilus Yasumatsu. Possible pre- and post-harvest methods to mitigate the damage caused by moulds, and in particular G. smithogilvyi, are presented, including biocontrol agents and chemicals. Finally, some challenges and future prospects for a number of uncertainties related to the epidemiology, geographic distribution, spread, detection, and management of this disease are discussed.

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“…Perhaps the strongest argument against the ACGW as a vector of G. castaneae can be found in their respective ranges. The pathogen has been detected in Australia (Shuttleworth et al, 2012), India (Dar & Rai, 2015), Ireland (O'Loinsigh et al, 2022) and Chile (Morales‐Rodriguez et al, 2021) where there are no documented occurrences of ACGW (EPPO, 2021) and was only recently identified in the United States (Campbell et al, 2019; Sakalidis et al, 2019) where ACGW has had an established and spreading population since the early 1970s (EPPO, 2021; Payne et al, 1983). Thus, the insect cannot or is unlikely to be acting as a vector in these regions, further supporting a different relationship existing between pest and pathogen.…”

Section: Biotic Interactionsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Gnomoniopsis castaneae: An emerging plant pathogen and global threat to chestnut systems

Dobry

Campbell

2022

Plant Pathology

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Gnomoniopsis castaneae is an important, destructive pathogen of Castanea species, initially identified as the primary agent of nut rot in Europe and Oceania. Although a decade of research has focused almost exclusively on its association with and activity in chestnuts, it has been identified as a mild pathogen or endophyte in multiple other hardwood species, whose roles as potential reservoirs and hosts have remained unexplored. Although the origin of the disease is unknown, it is thought to be a ubiquitous endophyte that has potentially shifted to pathogenic activity as a result of global climate change. Yet there is evidence of the expansion of the range of the pathogen as it continues to be identified in new regions, suggesting some degree of introduction is occurring. Its recent discovery in the United States brings a new urgency to the need to understand the full range and epidemiology of G. castaneae and to examine potential methods of detection and mitigation.

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First report of the fungus Gnomoniopsis smithogilvyi causing cankers on sweet chestnut (Castanea sativa) in Ireland

Cited by 3 publications

References 6 publications

Chestnut Brown Rot and Gnomoniopsis smithogilvyi: Characterization of the Causal Agent in Portugal

Chestnut Brown Rot and Gnomoniopsis smithogilvyi: Characterization of the Causal Agent in Portugal

Brown Rot Caused by Gnomoniopsis smithogilvyi (syn. Gnomoniopsis castaneae) at the Level of the Chestnut Tree (Castanea sativa Mill.)

Gnomoniopsis castaneae: An emerging plant pathogen and global threat to chestnut systems

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