First report of the presence of Anaplasma marginale in different tissues of the stable-fly Stomoxys calcitrans (Linnaeus, 1758) in Rio de Janeiro state, Brazil

Araújo, Thamires Rezende; Júnior, Miguel Angelo Leite Mota; Vilela, Thamyris Sampaio; Bittecourt, Avelino José; Santos, Huarrisson Azevedo; Fampa, Patrı́cia

doi:10.1016/j.vprsr.2020.100515

Veterinary Parasitology: Regional Studies and Reports

2021

DOI: 10.1016/j.vprsr.2020.100515

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First report of the presence of Anaplasma marginale in different tissues of the stable-fly Stomoxys calcitrans (Linnaeus, 1758) in Rio de Janeiro state, Brazil

Thamires Rezende Araújo

Miguel Angelo Leite Mota Júnior

Thamyris Sampaio Vilela

et al.

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2024

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Cited by 2 publications

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Blood-feeding stable flies, Stomoxys calcitrans (Diptera: Muscidae), are attracted to, and transmit Staphylococcus aureus (Bacillales: Staphylococcaceae), a causal agent of bovine mastitis: a laboratory pilot study

Nayani,

Meraj,

Renyard

et al. 2024

Journal of Medical Entomology

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Stable flies, Stomoxys calcitrans (Linnaeus) (Diptera: Muscidae), are common blood-feeding ectoparasites of cows and thus potential vectors of the skin-dwelling bacterium Staphylococcus aureus, a causal agent of bovine mastitis which inflicts udder inflammation in cows. Our objectives were to determine whether stable flies (i) are attracted to disease-causing strains of S. aureus, and (ii) transmit S. aureus from infected blood to sterile blood. In 3-chamber olfactometers, five of eight S. aureus strains grown on agar and tested versus sterile agar attracted female stable flies. When flies ingested droplets of blood inoculated with S. aureus at doses of 0 (control), 105 (low), 107 (medium), and > 109 (high) colony-forming units per milliliter and subsequently ingested sterile blood, they transmitted S. aureus to the sterile blood. The dose of S. aureus in blood droplets fed upon by flies during their first feeding bout dose-dependently affected the amount of bacteria that flies transmitted to sterile blood during their second feeding bout, but the time elapsed between feeding bouts (0 h, 1 h, 8 h, and 24 h) had no effect on the amount of microbes transmitted to sterile blood. Our data infer the existence of a positive feedback loop. First, stable flies carrying S. aureus and feeding on cows transmit S. aureus, thereby causing mastitis. As S. aureus bacteria of afflicted cows proliferate, they attract even more flies which, in turn, worsen the infection. This type of feedback loop underscores the need for effective stable fly control tactics that curtail the incidence of bovine mastitis in cows.

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Blood-feeding stable flies, Stomoxys calcitrans (Diptera: Muscidae), are attracted to, and transmit Staphylococcus aureus (Bacillales: Staphylococcaceae), a causal agent of bovine mastitis: a laboratory pilot study

Nayani,

Meraj,

Renyard

et al. 2024

Journal of Medical Entomology

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Morphological analysis and lipid composition of the stable fly Stomoxys calcitrans salivary glands reinforce important features of feeding behaviour

Florencio,

Oilveira Magalhães,

Araujo Zuma

et al. 2024

Medical Vet Entomology

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Stomoxys calcitrans L. (Diptera: Muscidae), the stable fly, is a hematophagous insect of great veterinary importance, because it is a mechanical vector of diverse pathogens in livestock. The saliva of blood‐feeding insects presents important pharmacologically active molecules that impair blood clotting, promote vasodilation and modulate the host immune system response, crucial processes for successful feeding. These properties also enable pathogens' transmission. In the present work, we describe an efficient protocol to dissect S. calcitrans salivary glands, their morphological characteristics and lipid profile. The mean length of the tubular gland is 3.23 mm with a bulbous posterior end and a narrow anterior end. Histological analysis revealed a monolayer of large polygonal epithelial cells with voluminous nuclei and high lipid content in their cytoplasm. Ultrastructural analysis showed that the epithelium is rich in mitochondria, free ribosomes, Golgi complex cisternae, presenting a great extension of rough endoplasmic reticulum that contains an electron‐dense material. Lipid analysis by thin‐layer chromatography showed that neutral fatty acids and phosphatidylcholine are predominant in the fly salivary glands. Lysophosphatidylcholine, an important signalling biomolecule involved in different metabolic processes, including host's immunomodulation and pathogens proliferation and differentiation, is also present.

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First report of the presence of Anaplasma marginale in different tissues of the stable-fly Stomoxys calcitrans (Linnaeus, 1758) in Rio de Janeiro state, Brazil

Cited by 2 publications

References 26 publications

Blood-feeding stable flies, Stomoxys calcitrans (Diptera: Muscidae), are attracted to, and transmit Staphylococcus aureus (Bacillales: Staphylococcaceae), a causal agent of bovine mastitis: a laboratory pilot study

Blood-feeding stable flies, Stomoxys calcitrans (Diptera: Muscidae), are attracted to, and transmit Staphylococcus aureus (Bacillales: Staphylococcaceae), a causal agent of bovine mastitis: a laboratory pilot study

Morphological analysis and lipid composition of the stable fly Stomoxys calcitrans salivary glands reinforce important features of feeding behaviour

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