First report of Toxoplasma gondii infection and associated risk factors in the dromedary camel (Camelus dromedarius) population in south East Algeria

Abdallah, Mohamed-Cherif; Miroud, Kamel; Benfodil, Karima; Ansel, Samir; Benaissa, Mohammed Hocine; Khelef, Djamel; Kaidi, Rachid; Aït-Oudhia, Khatima

doi:10.1016/j.vprsr.2020.100475

Cited by 5 publications

(6 citation statements)

References 21 publications

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“…The current high seroprevalence rate of T. gondii in older camels is due to the camels' movement to agriculture fields and feeding in the field areas, where they are more exposed to T. gondii compared with younger camels [43]. Moreover, our findings substantiated the research conducted in Algeria, Egypt, Saudi Arabia, and Pakistan, which found that the prevalence rate of T. gondii increased significantly with age [44][45][46][47]. The prevalence rate was higher in Barela camels (40.67%) than in Marecha camels.…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 85%

Seroprevalence of Toxoplasma gondii and associated alterations in hematology and serum biochemistry of one-humped camels (Camelus dromedarius) in Pakistan

et al. 2022

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Background and Aim: Toxoplasma gondii is an intracellular protozoan that infects humans and animals. This study aimed to estimate the seroprevalence of T. gondii and the associated alterations in hematology and serum biochemistry of one-humped camels (Camelus dromedarius) in Mianwali district, Pakistan. Materials and Methods: A total of 350 blood samples were obtained from male and female camels of different ages (≤3 years old, 4-6 years old, and ≥7 years old). To validate T. gondii antibodies, the collected samples were subjected to indirect enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay using purified recombinant micronemal protein 3 as an antibody catching antigen. Results: The prevalence of T. gondii was 50.2% higher in male camels than in female camels (16.5%) (p<0.001). Furthermore, the prevalence of T. gondii in camels was directly proportional to age (p<0.001). It was 63.33% (57/90) in camels of ≥7 years of age, 32.54% in 4-6 years old age group, and 23.08% in ≤3 years old age group. The hematological analysis of infected camels revealed a significant increase in the values of glucocorticoid-remediable aldosteronism, lymphocyte percentage, monocyte percentage (MONO%), corpuscular hemoglobin (MCH), and procalcitonin. Furthermore, substantially higher levels of liver enzymes alanine aminotransferase, aspartate aminotransferase, and the macro-mineral potassium were found in the serum of T. gondii-infected camels. Conclusion: The seropositivity of T. gondii is directly associated with the age and sex of camels, which may be considered as potential risk factors. Furthermore, T. gondii infection directly impacts the hemato-biochemistry of infected camels.

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Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 85%

Seroprevalence of Toxoplasma gondii and associated alterations in hematology and serum biochemistry of one-humped camels (Camelus dromedarius) in Pakistan

et al. 2022

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“…Moreover, the seropositivity to T. gondii increased significantly in camels living in contact with small ruminants, as similarly concluded by Abdallah, et al [29]. This could be explained by the fact that small ruminants are susceptible to T. gondii and harbour the parasite's bradyzoite for life [58].…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 63%

“…However, lack of routine culling programmes, poor veterinary care, and the migration of camels to sub-arid areas in quest of better ranges could all be contributing causes to the incidence of T. gondii infection in dromedaries in this area of Egypt. Additionally, it might be associated with local ownership transfers, agricultural growth, and the accumulative impacts of camel ageing [29].…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Seroprevalence and Potential Risk Factors of Toxoplasma gondii in Dromedary Camels

et al. 2023

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(1) Background: Toxoplasma gondii (T. gondii) is one of the most prevalent parasites to affect humans and animals; (2) Methods: From January to December 2020, using a commercial enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) kit, a cross-sectional study was conducted to establish the seroprevalence of T. gondii in 390 dromedary camels raised in three governorates in Egypt and to identify the potential risk factors associated with infection; (3) Results: Overall, T. gondii seroprevalence in camels was 46.9%. Moreover, locality, sex, age, contact with small ruminants, history of abortion, and number of parities were found as risk factors for T. gondii infection in univariable analysis. The seropositivity to T. gondii increased significantly in camels living in Marsa Matrouh (OR = 2.02), among camels of more than 8 years old (OR = 5.28). Additionally, the likelihood of acquiring T. gondii infection was increased in camels that had contact with small ruminants (OR = 3.85) and a history of abortion (OR = 3.84) with these having parity more than four times (OR = 17.72); (4) Conclusions: The evaluation of seroprevalence and related risk factors for T. gondii infection is crucial for implementing an effective control programme to minimise and control T. gondii infection in camels and, as a result, transmission to humans.

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“…JAMILA S. Al Malik Camels are infected with many different diseases, including toxoplasmosis, and camels acquire Toxoplasma infection by swallowing the sporulated oocysts that wild felids or cats shed in the environment. The prevalence of Toxoplasma infection in camels in the world depends mainly on the location [6]. In Saudi Arabia, few reports of Toxoplasma antibodies have been published in camels and neighboring countries [7][8][9].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Serological and Molecular Surveillance of Toxoplasma gondii of Camels in Taif, Saudi Arabia

Al-Maliki

2022

Egyptian Journal of Veterinary Sciences

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T OXOPLASMA gondii causes an important zoonotic parasitic disease that is widespread throughout the world. However, recorded data on camel toxoplasmosis are scarce in different areas in Taif governorate of Saudi Arabia. Camels are the main source of milk and meat in different countries, especially the Gulf countries, and due to this contact, they can transmit toxoplasmosis to humans. Therefore, a toxoplasmosis seroprevalence study was conducted on 65 female camels from three different areas (area 1, 2, and 3) using enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay [ELISA] (Toxo-IgG). Data were confirmed by the polymerase chain reaction (PCR) technique. This study reports a prevalence rate of Toxoplasmosis in the examined samples 7/65 (10.8%) and 13/65 (20%) using Toxo-IgG and PCR, respectively. According to positive Toxo-PCR, samples were categorized into two groups: the lowest infection rate was found in the older aged group (>6 years) 8/42 (19.1%). While the highest infection rate was recorded in the younger group (≤6 years) 5/23 (21.7%). In addition, the percentage of the total IgG in camels' sera were the lowest in samples of area 1 and the highest in samples of area 3 that could be related to any previous or recent infection. Statistically, there was no relationship between age and infection rate.

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First report of Toxoplasma gondii infection and associated risk factors in the dromedary camel (Camelus dromedarius) population in south East Algeria

Cited by 5 publications

References 21 publications

Seroprevalence of Toxoplasma gondii and associated alterations in hematology and serum biochemistry of one-humped camels (Camelus dromedarius) in Pakistan

Seroprevalence of Toxoplasma gondii and associated alterations in hematology and serum biochemistry of one-humped camels (Camelus dromedarius) in Pakistan

Seroprevalence and Potential Risk Factors of Toxoplasma gondii in Dromedary Camels

Serological and Molecular Surveillance of Toxoplasma gondii of Camels in Taif, Saudi Arabia

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