First Report of Two <i>Penicillium</i> spp. Causing Postharvest Fruit Rot of Grapes in Pakistan

A field survey was conducted in district Okara to determine existing plant pathogenic fungal count in various land use types. The target sites were classified as orchard, barren land, fallow land, cultivated land and forest land use types. Field soil samples were collected from these land use types at different depths of 15, 30 and 45 cm respectively. Dilution of soil samples was made in sterilized distilled water and 1ml was poured on to the malt extract agar (MEA) medium in 90 mm diameter Petri plates incubated at 25±2°C for 5-7 days. Purified fungal colonies of Mucor spp., Fusarium solani, Aspergillus niger, Penicillium spp., Alternaria alternata, Curvularia spp., Rhizopus spp., and Helminthosporium spp. on potato dextrose agar (PDA) medium were identified based on their morphological descriptions. These fungal counts were recovered from the soil at 30 cm depth which indicates an alarming situation for deep-rooted crops to soilborne fungal pathogens infestation in future.

show abstract

“…Similar descriptions of the Penicillium spp. were also reported by Torelli et al (2006) and Ghuffar et al (2017). Colonies of the Rhizopus spp.…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 60%

Evaluation of Soilborne Plant Pathogenic Fungal Count in Various Land Use Types of District Okara

Naz

Khan

Chaudhry

2018

Pak. J. Phytopathol.

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

show abstract

“…Additionally, the inhibition efficiency was varied among Trichoderma species and strains, as well as being dependent upon the species of fungal plant pathogens (Hermosa et al, 2012;Ru and Di, 2012;Dawidziuk et al, 2016;Bunbury-Blanchette and Walker, 2019;Haque et al, 2020). Many diseases that are caused by fungi can infect and damage of the melons plants (including cantaloupes and muskmelons) during the growing season, the harvesting process and storage, all of which can result in significant losses in the yield and quality of this fruit crop (Gomez and Tello, 2000;Walcott et al, 2004;Ghuffar et al, 2018;Li et al, 2015). Gummy stem blight disease caused by S. cucurbitacearum on a number of melon plants is distributed in many countries throughout the world (Li et al, 2015;Garampalli et al, 2016;Nuangmek et al, 2018).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Many diseases that are caused by fungi can infect and damage of the melons plants (including cantaloupes and muskmelons) during the growing season, the harvesting process and storage, all of which can result in significant losses in the yield and quality of this fruit crop ( Gomez and Tello, 2000 ; Walcott et al, 2004 ; Ghuffar et al, 2018 ; Li et al, 2015 ). Gummy stem blight disease caused by S. cucurbitacearum on a number of melon plants is distributed in many countries throughout the world ( Li et al, 2015 ; Garampalli et al, 2016 ; Nuangmek et al, 2018 ).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Plant pathogenic microorganisms (bacteria, fungi, and viruses) are known to cause diseases in muskmelons under the field before they are harvested, during harvesting and during storage, all of which can cause considerable yield loses ( Walcott et al, 2004 ; Malik et al, 2010 ; Kehinde, 2013 ). Fungi in the genera Alternaria , Colletotrichum , Cladosporium , Fusarium , Penicillium , Phytophthora , and Stagonosporopsis have been reported to cause a range of leaf, fruit, stem, and/or root diseases in muskmelons ( Li et al, 2015 ; Garampalli et al, 2016 ; Ghuffar et al, 2018 ). Gummy stem blight disease caused by Stagonosporopsis cucurbitacearum (synonym = Phoma cucurbitacearum and Didymella bryoniae ), and wilt caused by Fusarium oxysporum f. sp.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

See 1 more Smart Citation

Evaluation of a Newly Identified Endophytic Fungus, Trichoderma phayaoense for Plant Growth Promotion and Biological Control of Gummy Stem Blight and Wilt of Muskmelon

et al. 2021

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

Gummy stem blight and wilt are known to cause enormous losses to the global production of muskmelon (Cucumis melo). In this study, the potential of endophytic fungi isolated from leaves of Siam weed (Chromolaena odorata) was investigated for the inhibition of mycelial growth of Stagonosporopsis cucurbitacearum and Fusarium equiseti. Twenty-one fungal isolates were obtained. The results indicated that a fungal isolate UP-L1I3 displayed the highest percentage in terms of inhibition of the mycelial growth of F. equiseti and S. cucurbitacearum at 90.80 and 81.60%, respectively. Consequently, this isolate was selected for its potential ability to promote plant growth and control gummy stem blight and wilt in muskmelon seedlings. Morphological and multilocus phylogenetic analyses revealed that the isolate UP-L1I3 was a new species that has been described herein as Trichoderma phayaoense. Pathogenicity test confirmed that F. equiseti and S. cucurbitacearum were the cause of gummy stem blight and wilt disease in muskmelon seedlings, respectively. However, no disease symptoms were observed in seedlings inoculated with T. phayaoense. It was found that T. phayaoense could be used preventively in muskmelon seedlings that were inoculated with F. equiseti and S. cucurbitacearum, which could then reduce the impact on the disease severity index. T. phayaoense was also effective in improving plant development by increasing plant height, as well as shoot and root dry weight values. Moreover, T. phayaoense could effectively increase weight, diameter, and the circumference and total soluble solid of fruit without having a negative effect on fruit quality parameters. Additionally, T. phayaoense was able to tolerate a commonly applied fungicide (metalaxyl) in recommended dosages for field applications.

show abstract

“…Besides its nutritional and medicinal values grape is one of the perishable fruit, having limited shelf life up to 3 to 4 days at ambient temperature. The maximum perishability of this fruit during handling, storage and marketing is due to susceptibility toward numerous post-harvest fungal diseases like Mucor rot (MR) (Ghuffar et al, 2018a), Botrytis bunch rot (Javed et al, 2017) Penicillium rot (PR) (Ghuffar et al, 2018b) and especially Alternaria fruit rot (AFR) associated with Alternaria alternata is responsible for weight loss, colour changes, softening of grape berries, increases the market losses up to 50 % and eventually has badly impact on economy (Valero et al, 2006). In addition, Alternaria genus produce mycotoxin such as tenuazonic acid (TA), alternariol monomethyl ether (AME) alternariol (AOH) these mycotoxins are carcinogenic for human health and physically deteriorate the whole bunches of grapes (Logrieco et al, 2009).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

In vitro evaluation of plant essential oils against Alternaria alternata causing fruit rot of grapes

Sajid¹

2020

Asian J Agric Biol

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

Alternaria fruit rot (AFR) caused by Alternaria alternata is a serious threat to grape market values in Pakistan during post-harvest stages, at the time of handling, storage transportation and distribution respectively. The objective of this study is to determine the anti-fungal activities of plant essential oils against Alternaria alternata causing fruit rot of grapes. For this purpose, three selected plant essential oils (EOs) viz. Kikar (Acacia karoo), Moringa (Moringa oleifera) and Sukh chain (Pongamia pinnata) essential oils at 200, 400 and 600 ppm concentrations were investigated by using different methods under in vitro condition against previously isolated culture of A. alternata designated as (Isolate ID. AA4PL1) on grape bunches. Results showed that Plant EO of Sukh chain at all concentrations showed significant result to inhibit the mycelial growth (89.4, 92 and 96.2 percent) in contact assay method as well as 96.2, 97 and 98.2 % growth inhibition regarding fungal culture transfer (FCT) experiment while, in case of well diffusion method 32%, 41% and 48% growth inhibition was recorded at 7 th day of incubation followed by Moringa EO and Kikar EO as compared to control that showed 0 % growth inhibition was measured. Moreover, results related to spore germination assay revealed that Sukh chain essential oil at 200, 400 and 600 ppm showed significant inhibition of germ tube length of A. alternata (140.8 µm, 77.5 µm and 34.1 µm) as compared to control in which germ tube length was recorded 250 µm respectively. It was concluded that Sukh chain EO has a great potential to inhibit the growth of A. alternata and can be further used as a strong antifungal agent against this pathogen under in vivo condition.

show abstract

First Report of Two Penicillium spp. Causing Postharvest Fruit Rot of Grapes in Pakistan

Cited by 15 publications

References 7 publications

Evaluation of Soilborne Plant Pathogenic Fungal Count in Various Land Use Types of District Okara

Evaluation of Soilborne Plant Pathogenic Fungal Count in Various Land Use Types of District Okara

Evaluation of a Newly Identified Endophytic Fungus, Trichoderma phayaoense for Plant Growth Promotion and Biological Control of Gummy Stem Blight and Wilt of Muskmelon

In vitro evaluation of plant essential oils against Alternaria alternata causing fruit rot of grapes

Contact Info

Product

Resources

About