First report of walnut (<i>Juglans regia</i>) pest <i>Garella musculana</i> in Romania

Bostancı, Cengiz; Yıldırım, İbrahim; Aydoğan, Onur; Yıldız, Yafes; Kiss, I.; Albas, Ertan

doi:10.1111/epp.12753

Cited by 4 publications

(12 citation statements)

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“…The increase in commodity volumes and types, and the continued expansion of the European trade are among the factors playing a role in new biological invasions (Augustin et al, 2012). Trade of walnut plant material (e.g., young plants or wood) show a high risk of G. musculana introduction, possibly carrying eggs, larvae and cocoons (Bostancı et al, 2019, 2021; EPPO, 2021d; Yıldız et al, 2018). Bostancı et al (2021) suggest performing inspection procedures on barked walnut wood pieces when imported from countries where the pest is present, as well as to branches and shoots from infested walnut plantations.…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Trade of walnut plant material (e.g., young plants or wood) show a high risk of G. musculana introduction, possibly carrying eggs, larvae and cocoons (Bostancı et al, 2019, 2021; EPPO, 2021d; Yıldız et al, 2018). Bostancı et al (2021) suggest performing inspection procedures on barked walnut wood pieces when imported from countries where the pest is present, as well as to branches and shoots from infested walnut plantations. Garella musculana control consists of the collection and destruction of infested fruits and shoots, the application of trapping bands for larvae on young trees and the destruction of pupal cocoons on shoots or bark (EPPO, 2005).…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Garella musculana is native to Central Asia and the north of Iran, and it is widespread in Afghanistan, Kazakhstan, Kyrgyzstan, Tajikistan, Turkmenistan and Uzbekistan (EPPO, 2021c; Fibiger et al, 2009), supposedly occurring also in China, India and Pakistan (EPPO, 2021c; Fibiger et al, 2009; Khan et al, 2011), though records from the Oriental Region and the Eastern Palaearctic should be verified with respect to its eastern sister taxon Garella ruficirra (Hampson, 1905) (Lepidoptera: Nolidae). Since 2008, G. musculana has been also reported in Eastern Europe, in Sevastopol (Crimea), and its current distribution includes Turkey, Bulgaria, Romania and Russia (Bostancı et al, 2021; EPPO, 2021c; Fibiger et al, 2009; Sviridov, 2008; Yoğurtcu et al, 2018).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…(Fagales: Juglandaceae) may be affected by pests that attack either vegetative or reproductive plant parts (Alford, 2014; Sharma et al, 2012). The Asian walnut moth, Garella musculana (Erschov, 1874) (Lepidoptera: Nolidae), causes damage to walnut shoots, buds and fruits due to the feeding activity of its larvae (Bostancı et al, 2021; EPPO, 2005; Yoğurtçu & Kaçar, 2018). While nomenclatural available synonyms for this species are not available, it has been recorded under alternative generic names to Garella Walker, [1863], such as Nycteola Hübner, 1822, Sarrothripus Curtis, 1824, Characoma Walker, 1863 and Erschoviella Obraztsov, 1953 (e.g., EPPO, 2021a; GBIF, 2021).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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First report of Garella musculana (Erschov, 1874) (Lepidoptera: Nolidae) in Italy with insights into its identity

Scaccini

Bramuzzo²,

Bostancı³

et al. 2022

J Applied Entomology

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The Asian walnut moth, Garella musculana (Erschov, 1874) (Lepidoptera: Nolidae), is a major pest of walnut. Native to Central Asia, it was found to be invasive in 2008 in Sevastopol (Crimea) and nowadays widespread in Turkey, Bulgaria, Romania and Russia. Here, we account for the finding of G. musculana in NE Italy (Veneto region) in 2021, where adults were found in a light lamp, representing the first record of the Asian walnut moth for this country and Western Europe. Adult specimens were identified morphologically on both external characters and genitalia features. G. musculana larvae and damage were also observed on a plantation of Juglans regia L. (Fagales: Juglandaceae) located in Veneto in October 2021. A COI‐barcoding analysis was performed to attain a molecular characterization of our specimens and probate our morphological identification. However, because no sequence of G. musculana was present in major gene databases and the similarity of our sequences with those attributed to Garella ruficirra (Hampson, 1905) (Lepidoptera: Nolidae) made clear that these taxa deserved further scrutiny regarding their specific distinction. Some subtle differences in the male terminalia could be found between them and their vast geographic distributions, but the strong similarity in most features calls for further morphological and genetical insights on a broad set of samples to assess whether they represent two closely related, substantially parapatric species, or a unique, geographically varying entity. Solving this issue may turn out crucial in the identification and proper management of walnut moths of the genus Garella.

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Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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First report of Garella musculana (Erschov, 1874) (Lepidoptera: Nolidae) in Italy with insights into its identity

Scaccini

Bramuzzo²,

Bostancı³

et al. 2022

J Applied Entomology

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“…Walnut scale (Quadraspidiotus juglansregiae Comstock) and San Jose scale (Quadraspidiotus perniciosus Comstock) (Ohlendorf and O'Neill 2009). Asian walnut moth, Garella musculana Erschoff is also a serious pest of J. regia (Bostanci et al 2021, EPPO 2019, Khan et al 2023) and J. nigra (Bostanci et al 2019). In the plethora of insect pests affecting the walnut trees in Jammu and Kashmir (J&K), Walnut weevil, Alcidiodes porrectirostris Marshal (Coleoptera: Curculionidae) is one of the most destructive pests causing about 36.7% fruit damage (Mir and Wani 2005) and in some situations up to 90% output loss (Caliskan et al 2020).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

An updated data on bionomics of walnut weevil, Alcidodes porrectirostris Marshal (Coleoptera: Curculionidae) under laboratory conditions and its extent of damage in Juglans regia (L.) of the Kashmir valley, India

Khan,

Lone,

Bhat

et al. 2023

Bitki Koruma Bülteni

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Walnut is one of the most important fruits which has been defined as a "Super food" in recent years. It is infected by a wide array of insect pests. Among these pests, walnut weevil is destructive one. Its adult feeds on flowers and buds while as its larva feed inside the fruits and are extremely destructive in causing premature dropping. We report two generations of walnut weevil in a year and only a single larva per fruit. Adults emerge from soil in April and feeds on walnut leaf buds, petioles of leaves, floral buds. Adult females lay 1-2 eggs on fruits, mainly in May and early June, hatch in 4.9±0.74 (SD) days and 4.5±0.97 days in first and second generation. They develop through three instars and the total developmental time lies in the range 46-55 days (49.1±2.51). The adults of second generation undergo overwintering to avoid the harsh environmental conditions. Comprehension of biology, life cycles and the nature of damage aids in keeping track of specific insect pests at the proper time.

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Pest categorisation of Garella musculana

Bragard,

Baptista,

Chatzivassiliou

et al. 2024

EFS2

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The European Commission requested the EFSA Panel on Plant Health to conduct a pest categorisation of Garella musculana (Erschov) (Lepidoptera: Nolidae), following a commodity risk assessment of Juglans regia plants for planting from Türkiye, in which G. musculana was identified as a pest of possible concern to the European Union (EU). Commonly known as the Asian walnut moth, this pest is native to Central Asia and develops on shoots, buds and fruits of Juglans species such as the English walnut, J. regia and the black walnut, J. nigra. Other reported host plants, such as Prunus dulcis and Populus spp., still require confirmation. The pest was first recorded in the EU (Bulgaria) in 2016 and was then reported in Romania in 2018 and Italy in 2021. This moth completes from one to four generations per year depending on environmental conditions (from valley to mountain forests and orchards up to an altitude of 2100 m). Eggs are laid in groups of 2-3 on young nuts or on buds of 1-year-old shoots. Neonate larvae usually enter the young nut through the peduncle. After fully exploiting one nut, the larva continues feeding in another one. Development takes 25-40 days. Larvae of the autumn generation do not enter the nuts, and so feed only in the pericarp. Larvae also often feed inside 1-year-old shoots or leaf axils. Larvae develop within the host but exit to pupate under loose bark or in deep cracks of bark. The pest overwinters at the larval or pupal stages. Plants for planting, cut branches and infested nuts provide pathways for entry. Climatic conditions and availability of host plants in southern and central EU MSs have allowed this species to establish and spread in Bulgaria, Romania and Italy. Adults can fly and the pest could spread naturally within the EU. Impact on Juglans spp. cultivated for fruit, timber and ornamental purposes is anticipated. Phytosanitary measures are available to reduce the likelihood of entry and further spread of G. musculana. This species meets the criteria that are within the remit of EFSA to assess for this species to be regarded as a potential Union quarantine pest.

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First report of walnut (Juglans regia) pest Garella musculana in Romania

Cited by 4 publications

References 2 publications

First report of Garella musculana (Erschov, 1874) (Lepidoptera: Nolidae) in Italy with insights into its identity

First report of Garella musculana (Erschov, 1874) (Lepidoptera: Nolidae) in Italy with insights into its identity

An updated data on bionomics of walnut weevil, Alcidodes porrectirostris Marshal (Coleoptera: Curculionidae) under laboratory conditions and its extent of damage in Juglans regia (L.) of the Kashmir valley, India

Pest categorisation of Garella musculana

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