“…Despite the increasing number of studies regarding the superfamily Cosmocercoidea in the last 10 years (Ross et al ., 2010; Jones et al ., 2011; Sato et al ., 2015; Tran et al ., 2015; Chen et al ., 2018, 2020, 2021a, b; Maity et al ., 2019; Sümer et al ., 2019; Liu et al ., 2020; Sata & Nakano, 2020; Harnoster et al ., 2022), the current knowledge about the molecular phylogeny of the family is still scarce (Chen et al , 2021a). To date, molecular data for only 39 species of Cosmocercoidea, of which 23 species are of the subfamily Cosmocercinae (18S, 28S, ITS, 12S, Cox1 and Cox2), are available in the GenBank database.…”