First report on the isolation and genotyping of Toxoplasma gondii strains from free-range chickens in the state of Mato Grosso, Midwestern Brazil

Witter, Rute; Pena, Hilda Fátima Jesus; Maia, Maerle Oliveira; Freitas, Leodil da Costa; Almeida, Sayanne Luns Hatum de; Aguiar, Daniel Moura de; Igarashi, Michelle; Gennari, Solange Maria; Pacheco, Richard C.

doi:10.1016/j.cimid.2021.101725

Cited by 5 publications

(4 citation statements)

References 30 publications

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“…Toxoplasma gondii is an ubiquitous parasite that can infect virtually any warm-blooded animal, from birds to terrestrial and marine mammals ( 1 ). Currently, at least 317 different genotypes have been described worldwide, distributed in 16 haplogroups ( 2 , 3 ). In zoos, toxoplasmosis is one of the most common causes of death among different species kept in captivity ( 4 ).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Acute Disseminated Toxoplasmosis in Two Specimens of Macropus rufogriseus Caused by a Genotype so far Exclusive to South America

Valenzuela-Moreno

Carmona-Muciño²,

Cedillo-Peláez

et al. 2022

Front. Vet. Sci.

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Macropods are included among the species considered highly susceptible to Toxoplasma gondii infection. Clinically, it is difficult to distinguish between acute toxoplasmosis due to primary infection and reactivation of chronic latent infection in susceptible species until pathologic studies are performed. Here, we described the clinical cases and lesions found in two deceased Bennett's wallabies (Macropus rufogriseus) with a presumptive diagnosis of toxoplasmosis, as well as the genetic characterization of the T. gondii isolates obtained from these specimens. Both animals presented acute infection lesions in the lungs, liver, spleen and lymph nodes associated to T. gondii infection. Histopathology and immunohistochemistry also demonstrated tissue cysts of different sizes, indicating that the wallabies were previously infected with this parasite. Two isolates were obtained, one from each specimen and the molecular characterization was done; both isolates were the ToxoDB #116 genotype. This is the first study that reports the isolation of this particular genotype outside South America, and given the histopathological findings, it could be considered virulent for this species. The dynamics of infection that T. gondii is causing in definitive and intermediate hosts in a region allows us to know the risks to which the animals and humans that live in the area are exposed, and in the future to implement a preventive medicine plan against this parasite.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Acute Disseminated Toxoplasmosis in Two Specimens of Macropus rufogriseus Caused by a Genotype so far Exclusive to South America

Valenzuela-Moreno

Carmona-Muciño²,

Cedillo-Peláez

et al. 2022

Front. Vet. Sci.

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“…The Brazilian clonal lineages (BrI, BrII, BrIII and BrIV) were not found in this study. However, in other studies conducted in the Northeast Region of Brazil, it has been demonstrated that genotypes BrII and BrIII are frequently encountered from production animals, while the clonal lineages BrI and BrIV are more commonly found further south in Brazil ( Carlos et al, 2009 ; Soares et al, 2011 ; Feitosa et al, 2017b ; Witter et al, 2022 ).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 94%

“…Genotypic characterization studies based on multiplex nested PCR-restriction fragment length polymorphism (mnPCR-RFLP) techniques have revealed clear differences in pathogenicity when comparing classical clonal types I (virulent), II, and III (low virulent or avirulent, respectively), which are prevalent in Europe and the USA. In Brazil, some lineages are considered as “Brazilian clonal”, designated as BrI (highly virulent), BrII and BrIV (medium virulent), and BrIII (avirulent); however, most genotypes present are atypical, which means that they do not belong to I or BrI, II or BrII, III or BrIII or IV or BrIV lineages, and they are usually virulent ( Pena et al, 2008 ; Shwab et al, 2014 ; Su and Dubey, 2020 ; Witter et al, 2022 ).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Genetic diversity of Toxoplasma gondii in goats and sheep from the Northeast Region of Brazil destined for human consumption

Feitosa,

Vilela,

Batista

et al. 2024

Current Research in Parasitology & Vector-Borne Diseases

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“…More recently, the same authors isolated 51 T . gondii strains from free-range chickens in the state of Mato Grosso [ 27 ]. Fifty of the strains were completely genotyped, and were shown to comprise 17 previously described non-archetypal genotypes and five new genotypes.…”

Section: Genotyping Of Non-archetypal Strains Of T Gondiimentioning

confidence: 99%

Genetic diversity of Toxoplasma gondii in South America: occurrence, immunity, and fate of infection

Brito,

de Lima Bessa,

Bastilho

et al. 2023

Parasites Vectors

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Toxoplasma gondii is an intracellular parasite with a worldwide distribution. Toxoplasma gondii infections are of great concern for public health, and their impact is usually most severe in pregnant women and their foetuses, and in immunocompromised individuals. Displaying considerable genetic diversity, T. gondii strains differ widely according to geographical location, with archetypal strains predominantly found in the Northern Hemisphere and non-archetypal (atypical) strains, with highly diverse genotypes, found mainly in South America. In this review, we present an overview of the identification and distribution of non-archetypal strains of T. gondii. Special attention is paid to the strains that have been isolated in Brazil, their interaction with the host immunological response, and their impact on disease outcomes. The genetic differences among the strains are pivotal to the distinct immunological responses that they elicit. These differences arise from polymorphisms of key proteins released by the parasite, which represent important virulence factors. Infection with divergent non-archetypal strains can lead to unusual manifestations of the disease, even in immunocompetent individuals. Graphical Abstract

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First report on the isolation and genotyping of Toxoplasma gondii strains from free-range chickens in the state of Mato Grosso, Midwestern Brazil

Cited by 5 publications

References 30 publications

Acute Disseminated Toxoplasmosis in Two Specimens of Macropus rufogriseus Caused by a Genotype so far Exclusive to South America

Acute Disseminated Toxoplasmosis in Two Specimens of Macropus rufogriseus Caused by a Genotype so far Exclusive to South America

Genetic diversity of Toxoplasma gondii in goats and sheep from the Northeast Region of Brazil destined for human consumption

Genetic diversity of Toxoplasma gondii in South America: occurrence, immunity, and fate of infection

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