First Report on The Occurrence and Symptomatology of Phyllody Disease in Jute (Corchorus olitorius L.) and Its Plant Characteristics in Turkey

Abstract

Although jute (Corchorus olitorius L.) is treated as a weed in Turkey, it is cultivated and harvested for its fiber, tender shoots, and leaves in Africa and Asia. We report the occurrence and symptomatology of phyllody disease in jute observed for the first time in 2010 during our studies focusing on sesame phyllody in an experimental field at the Akdeniz University Campus, Antalya, Turkey. The disease was also observed in the following two years, 2011 and 2012. In the top of the infected jute plant, the internodes were shortened which resulted a cluster of leaves in smaller size than the normal ones, and the leaves were crinkled as well as turned to yellowing and leathery-looking. Additionally, the large leaves accumulated more anthocyanin in their margins. The floral organs abnormally developed into leafy structures; and ovaries at the symptomatic part enlarged but stamens and filaments did not show any symptoms. There was neither proliferation of the branches nor needle-like shape of the leaves in our case. Jute and sesame seeds started germination synchronously, and looked similar at the cotyledonary stage. Wild plants or weeds deserve a particular attention for disease development or inoculum build-up in cultivated crops. Considering the voluntary nature, jute may be an alternative for biofuel production. Also, the similarity in developmental stages of jute and sesame suggests that they might be affected by the same phytoplasma. To verify this, molecular analyses have been started.

First Report of ‘Candidatus Phytoplasma australasia’ Strain Related to Witches’-Broom of Tomato in Türkiye

“…Therefore, the most plausible approach strategically is that prophylactic methods restricting the expansion dissemination of these agents may be more usable and sustainable. Control of weeds or insects is important for inoculum formation, its transmission and disease development (Cagirgan et al, 2014). Further studies are needed to determine the distribution, inoculum sources and insect vectors of 'Ca.…”

Detection and Molecular Characterization of Phytoplasma and its Effect on the Vitamin and Fibers in Corchorus olitorius Crops in Egypt

“…The mallow (molokhia) plants (Corchorus olitorius L.), also known as Jew's mallow, wild okra, jute mallow, or tossa jute, are primarily herbaceous perennials from edible leafy vegetables or fiber crop in the Malvaceae family and present naturally in the Mediterranean (Cagirgan et al, 2014;Abdel-Razek et al, 2022). With a 2.45tons/ha productivity, Egypt's 887 hectares of jute mallow farming produced about 2173 tonnes of output (Haridy et al, 2019).…”

“…Studies have shown that this plant plays a relevant role in maintaining human health, and the plant possesses a wide range of biological activities connected to its phytochemical composition (Moerman, 1996;Hussien et al, 2017;Abdel-Razek et al, 2022) as the leaves of C. olitorius include minerals, vitamins, and phenolic compounds that are abundant in plants (Schipper, 2000;Abdel-Razek et al, 2022). The leaves are used in herbal pharmacopeia (Adebo et al, 2018) to treat gonorrhea, pain, fever, tumors, an emollient, diuretic, and dysentery (Ndlovu & Afolayan, 2008;Abdel-Razek et al, 2022) and preventing the risk of Alzheimer's disease (Mangione et al, 2022) or as a potential substitute for the generation of biofuel (Cagirgan et al, 2014). Egypt.…”

“…According to Bertaccini & Duduk (2009), Hogenhout & Segura (2010), and Mokbel & Kheder (2020) phytoplasmasymptoms include the transformation of flowers into leafy structures, the greening of flower tissue (virescence), a proliferation of shoots that resemble witches' brooms, and changes in the color of leaves or shoots. The first reports of phyllody disease in C. olitorius plants were made by Cagirgan et al (2014) in Turkey. Also, Biswas et al (2014) discovered that C. olitorius plants have phytoplasmas associated with symptoms like small leaves and bunchy tops.…”

Bazı dormansi kırma metotlarının jütün (Corchorus olitorius L.) çimlenmesi üzerine etkileri

“…According to Holm et al (1997), this species is a weed in 50 countries and in 28 crops. For instance in Turkey, this species is observed as weed in summer crops like sesame, citrus and olive groves in the southern provinces such as Antalya, Adana and Hatay of the Mediterranean Region of Turkey (Incekara 1979;Uremis 2005;Kitis 2009;Cagirgan et al 2014).…”