First successful transcatheter valve-in-valve implantation into a failed mechanical prosthetic aortic valve facilitated by fracturing of the leaflets: a case report

Abstract

Background Degenerated and failed bioprosthetic cardiac valves can safely be treated with transcatheter valve-in-valve implantation in patients at high risk for reoperation. So far, non-functional mechanical valves must be treated with a surgical redo. Breaking the carbon leaflets before implanting a transcatheter valve into the remaining ring has never been described before. Case summary Here, we present the case of a 65-year-old male patient with severe heart failure, poor left ventricular function based on a fully immobile disc of his mechanical bileaflet aortic valve implanted 7 years ago. After the heart team declined to reoperate the patient due to his extremely high risk, we considered a transcatheter valve-in-valve implantation as the ultimate treatment approach. After successful interventional cracking of the leaflets in vitro, this approach, together with implanting a balloon-expandable transcatheter aortic valve replacement (TAVR) into the remaining ring, was performed under cerebral protection. The intervention resulted in a fully functional TAVR, improvement of heart function, and early discharge from the hospital. Discussion This case demonstrates the possibility to implant a transcatheter valve successfully into a non-functional mechanical bileaflet aortic prosthesis after fracturing the carbon discs while the brain is protected by a filter system. Critical steps of the procedure were identified. This new therapeutic approach might be offered to a limited patient cohort who is not eligible for a surgical redo.

Transcatheter Aortic Valve Replacement for Failed Surgical or Transcatheter Bioprosthetic Valves: A Comprehensive Review

“…In patients with a failing mechanical valve, TAV-in-SAV is not recommended due to safety risks. To date, one case report in 2021 described successful TAVR implantation for mechanical valve failure in a patient who was deemed to be too high risk for redo surgery [ 17 ].…”