The first total synthesis of the marine cyclopropane fatty acid (±)-17-methyltrans-4,5-methyleneoctadecanoic acid was accomplished in 8 steps and in 9.1% overall yield starting from 1-bromo-12-methyltridecane. The cis analog (±)-17-methyl-cis-4,5-methyleneoctadecanoic acid was also synthesized but in 7 steps and in 16.4% overall yield. With the two isomeric cyclopropane fatty acids at hand it was possible to unequivocally corroborate the trans relative configuration of the naturally occurring fatty acid by gas chromatographic co-elution of the corresponding methyl esters. The cis isomer was cytotoxic to Leishmania donovani promastigotes with an IC 50 of 300.2 ± 4.2 µM.
KeywordsAntileishmanial activity; Cyclopropane fatty acids; Sponges; Synthesis Cyclopropane fatty acids (CFAs) are widespread in nature and they have been identified in many organisms ranging from bacteria to seed oils. 1 The earliest known example is lactobacillic acid (cis-11,12-methyleneoctadecanoic acid), but several structural variants have been isolated since. 1 One interesting compound is the 17-methyl-cis-9,10-methyleneoctadecanoic acid, from the protozoan Herpetomonas megaseliae, which incorporates both methyl and cyclopropyl branching in the chain. 2 While most of the known CFAs incorporate a cis cyclopropyl group in the acyl chain, just a few trans CFAs are known, such as the recently discovered 17-methyl-trans-4,5-methyleneoctadecanoic acid (1a) and the 18-methyl-trans-4,5-methylenenonadecanoic acid, which were identified in the phospholipids of the Caribbean sponge Pseudospongosorites suberitoides. 3 These marine fatty acids are quite interesting since they incorporate an unusual trans 4,5-cyclopropane in addition to iso methyl branching. However, the characterization of 1a in the sponge extract was done by gas chromatography-mass spectrometry on suitable volatile derivatives Publisher's Disclaimer: This is a PDF file of an unedited manuscript that has been accepted for publication. As a service to our customers we are providing this early version of the manuscript. The manuscript will undergo copyediting, typesetting, and review of the resulting proof before it is published in its final citable form. Please note that during the production process errors maybe discovered which could affect the content, and all legal disclaimers that apply to the journal pertain.
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NIH-PA Author ManuscriptNIH-PA Author Manuscript NIH-PA Author Manuscript followed by 1 H NMR of the total mixture of fatty acids. Therefore, a more rigorous confirmation of the structure of 1a is warranted. For this purpose, a total synthesis of 1a would not only serve to confirm the unusual trans cyclopropyl arrangement of the natural fatty acid, but also to report the total characterization of 1a, as well as to provide the necessary expertise to synthesize analogs for biological screening. Therefore, herein we report the first total synthesis of both the naturally occurring (±)-17-methyl-trans-4,5-methyleneoctadecanoic acid (1a) and the correspon...