First-trimester screening: lessons from clinical trials and implementation

Maternal serum free‐β‐chorionic gonadotrophin, pregnancy‐associated plasma protein‐A and fetal nuchal translucency thickness at 10–13+6 weeks in relation to co‐variables in pregnant Saudi women

“…Various co-variables are known to influence the above-mentioned first-trimester markers, including maternal body weight, gravidity, parity and fetal gender, as well as maternal smoking habits, ethnic origin, insulin-dependent diabetes mellitus, assisted reproduction, together with previous pregnancy screening results and other pregnancy morbidities (for a review, see Wald and Hackshaw, 2000;Eiben and Glaubitz, 2005;Fortuny et al, 2005;Odibo, 2005;Wenstrom, 2005;Koos, 2006). However, to the best of our knowledge, there is no information on the normative values and population parameters of distribution including medians and multiple of medians (MoM) for the first-trimester screening markers (fetal NT, free β-hCG and PAPP-A) in pregnant Saudi women.…”

Analysis of increased nuchal translucency: Chorionic villi sampling and second-trimester level II sonography

“…Thereafter, with the refinement of ultrasound imaging, this fluid spectrum of structural anomalies of the heart and other organs, as well as genetic syndromes, and increased risk of aneuploidy. The risk of each of these anomalies is proportionally related to the degree of NT thickening [4][5][6][7]. Furthermore, fetuses with increased NT thickness have an increased risk of an adverse pregnancy outcome, such as fetal loss and developmental delay [6,8].…”