“…Farhi and Werning (
2019) study the combination of level‐
thinking, incomplete markets, and occasionally binding borrowing constraints and find that all features together provide a solution to the forward‐guidance puzzle, but they abstract their analysis from the ZLB. Recent work by Woodford (
2018), Woodford and Xie (
2019,
2022), and Xie (2020) study a different aspect of limitations to fully rational expectations formation—namely, finite planning horizons. A related, but conceptually different, literature addresses higher‐order beliefs.…”