Fischer-Tropsch Fuels: Why Are They of Interest to the United States Military?

Forest, Coryne A.; Muzzell, Patsy A.

doi:10.4271/2005-01-1807

Cited by 16 publications

(11 citation statements)

References 1 publication

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“…Due to supply security issues, Fischer-Tropsch-derived fuels are of specific interest. 21 The introduction of FT fuels into the military fleet faces several challenges, for example, the interchangeability of FT fuels with conventional crude oilderived kerosene-type fuels. Specifically, there is a concern about the elastomer compatibility of fuel systems already conditioned using conventional-type fuels with subsequent exposure to FT fuels containing no aromatics.…”

Section: Jet Fuel From Ltft Synthesismentioning

confidence: 99%

Commercial Products from Fischer–Tropsch Syncrude

2010

Catalysis in the Refining of Fischer-Tropsch Syncrude

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Various products made from Fischer-Tropsch syncrude were discussed in relation to catalysis in previous chapters. The discussions were organised based on catalysis and feed transformations, not products. This chapter provides an overview of the products that are produced in conjunction with FTS.Transportation fuels are the most important products from FTS. Usually several upgrading or refining steps are necessary before specifications of commercial products are attained. In addition to transportation fuels, related products and chemicals may be produced. High-quality lubricating base oil that is used for the preparation of lubricants may be prepared from waxy oil and wax. Various chemicals may be directly recovered and purified from the syncrude or co-produced from processes involved in syngas preparation. 1,2 There is a wide range of applications for the FT oxygenates, alkenes and nalkanes, which cover the spectrum from commodities to niche market applications. The aim of the chapter is to provide an overview in the context of catalysis and opportunities for catalysis to upgrade and refine Fischer-Tropsch syncrude and associated co-products. Transportation FuelsHigh-quality transportation fuels (motor gasoline, aviation fuels and diesel fuel) can be prepared from the gaseous and liquid streams obtained from FTS. The molecular properties of FT syncrude that influence the conversion into fuels the most are the alkene content, the oxygenate content and the linearity of the molecules.Differences in composition between Fischer-Tropsch syncrudes and conventional crude oils result in different challenges during refining to produce transportation fuels. Despite the high linear hydrocarbon content of syncrude,

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Section: Jet Fuel From Ltft Synthesismentioning

confidence: 99%

Commercial Products from Fischer–Tropsch Syncrude

2010

Catalysis in the Refining of Fischer-Tropsch Syncrude

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“…The severity of the hydrocracker and what fraction of material is recycled to the hydrocracker determine what will be produced. In order to be useful as a strategic asset, for example, to produce jet fuel for the military [14], the naphtha range material should also be a final fuel for ground transportation use. In this design, aromatic alkylation and oligomerization are combined and an analogous type of design has been presented before [8], indicating that a 75 : 25 ratio between jet fuel and aromatic naphtha is possible.…”

Section: Jet Fuel Refining From Ltft Syncrudementioning

confidence: 99%

Jet Fuel Refining

Klerk

2011

Fischer‐Tropsch Refining

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“…Since the mid-1990s, the world's major energy companies have started to develop modern F-T processes that are less expensive to build and operate. F-T synthetic fuels using this technology should result in reduced exhaust emissions from military diesel engines, including reduced diesel exhaust particulate matter [6][7][8]11]. These fuels also demonstrate low lubricity, which can be improved with military approved lubricity improvers [8,22].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…This initiative provides that US energy independence can begin with a national alternative fuel initiative to provide the US military with a secure domestic supply of clean fuel synthesized from domestic resources. Investigation of various fuels such as ultra-low sulfur diesel (ULSD) [2,4], synthetic fuels [5][6][7][8][9][10][11], JP-8/JP-5 [12][13][14], and blends of biodiesel [15][16][17][18][19][20] in military applications is necessary to identify the required operational performance and potential issues. The problematic long-term supplies of oil and increasing knowledge of health effects of JP-8 [21], however, have recently encouraged the US military to develop a new synthetic-8 fuel (S-8), an alternative to JP-8.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%