Fish and Shellfish-Derived Anti-Inflammatory Protein Products: Properties and Mechanisms

Abstract

The interest in utilizing food-derived compounds therapeutically has been rising. With the growing prevalence of systematic chronic inflammation (SCI), efforts to find treatments that do not result in the side effects of current anti-inflammatory drugs are underway. Bioactive peptides (BAPs) are a particularly promising class of compounds for the treatment of SCI, and the abundance of high-quality seafood processing byproducts (SPB) makes it a favorable material to derive anti-inflammatory BAPs. Recent research into the structural properties of anti-inflammatory BAPs has found a few key tendencies including they tend to be short and of low molecular weight (LMW), have an overall positive charge, contain hydrophobic amino acids (AAs), and be rich in radical scavenging AAs. SPB-derived anti-inflammatory BAPs have been observed to work via inhibition of the NF-κB and MAPK pathways by disrupting the phosphorylation of IκBα and one or more kinases (ERK, JNK, and p38), respectively. Radical scavenging capacity has also been shown to play a significant role in the efficacy of SPB-derived anti-inflammatory BAPs. To determine if SPB-derived BAPs can serve as an effective treatment for SCI it will be important to understand their properties and mechanisms of action, and this review highlights such findings in recent research.

Dietary artemisinin boosts intestinal immunity and healthy in fat greenling (Hexagrammos otakii)

“…IID can cause excessive reactive oxygen species (ROS) production, which destroys the intestinal antioxidant system and leads to intestinal oxidative stress ( 46 ). ROS plays different roles in cell and tissue health, especially in oxidative stress ( 47 ). Fish IID disrupts the balance of ROS, which results in oxidative stress and damage to host DNA, thus inducing protein oxidation and cell damage ( 48 ).…”

Anti-Inflammatory Nutrients and Obesity-Associated Metabolic-Inflammation: State of the Art and Future Direction

“…These compounds are derived from various types of protein sources and may be produced following protein hydrolysis during digestion (from digestive or microbial enzymes) or food processing (i.e., the transformation of milk into other dairy products) [ 98 ]. Bioactive peptides consist of 2–20 amino acids characterized by some features of their chemical structure that may provide anti-inflammatory effects, such as (i) the presence of positively charged amino acid residues (i.e., arginine, lysine, and histidine, particularly in the N- and/or C-terminal positions) that have been demonstrated to have anti-inflammatory activity against LPS-specific-stimulated inflammatory responses and to activate chemokine receptors; (ii) the presence of hydrophobic amino acid residues (i.e., phenylalanine, leucine, tyrosine, glycine, and tryptophan, especially in the N-terminal positions), which have been shown to interact with cell membranes and potentially disrupt inflammatory pathway cascades (i.e., binding Ca 2+ and disrupting NF-κB signaling and cytokine production); (iii) the presence of electron-donor radical-scavenging amino acids (i.e., glutamate, aspartate, and proline) able to exert antioxidant activity and protect against ROS-induced inflammation [ 100 ]. Furthermore, it has been noted that bioactive peptides exhibit better anti-inflammatory properties when they have a short chain, since they are more likely to cross the intestinal barrier intact and be more rapidly absorbed [ 101 ].…”

Protein-Based Hydrogels: Promising Materials for Tissue Engineering

“…Collagen, the most abundant fibrous protein, is found within hard and soft tissues, such as connective tissue [126], skin [127][128][129], tendon [130], cornea [131], and cartilage [132][133][134][135], and is a crucial constituent of the ECM [136]. In this regard, collagen derived from the bovine [137], porcine [138], fish [139], marine sponge [140], shellfish [141], and jellyfish [142] is largely explored, so as to be utilized as a biocompatible material in various fields [143].…”