Fish consumption and prostate cancer risk: a review and meta-analysis

Szymański, Konrad M.; Wheeler, David C.; Mucci, Lorelei A.

doi:10.3945/ajcn.2010.29530

Cited by 172 publications

(113 citation statements)

References 42 publications

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“…Fish are abundant sources of these PUFAs; however, the epidemiological evidence on fish and PCA risk is mixed, with some studies reporting inverse associations [3][4][5][6][7][8][9], others reporting positive associations [10][11][12], and some reporting no associations [2]. A recent meta-analysis found a borderline significant inverse association between total fish consumption and PCA risk for case-control but not cohort studies [13]. Only a subset of these studies distinguished dark or oily fish from white or lean fish.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 97%

Fish intake, cooking practices, and risk of prostate cancer: results from a multi-ethnic case–control study

Joshi

John

Koo

et al. 2011

Cancer Causes Control

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 97%

Fish intake, cooking practices, and risk of prostate cancer: results from a multi-ethnic case–control study

Joshi

John

Koo

et al. 2011

Cancer Causes Control

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“…The applicant also refers to cohort studies examining the relationship between fish intake and prostate cancer risk (Iso et al, 2007;Szymanski et al, 2010), as well as a report on the incidence of prostate cancer in Asian countries compared with other regions of the world (ACS, 2011). The Panel notes that DHA and EPA consumption was not assessed in these studies and that no conclusion can be drawn from these studies on an association between DHA and EPA and prostate cancer risk.…”

Section: Nested Case-control and Case-control Studies On Blood Biomarmentioning

confidence: 99%

Scientific Opinion on the extension of use for DHA and EPA-rich algal oil fromSchizochytriumsp. as a Novel Food ingredient

Products¹

2014

EFSA Journal

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Following a request from the European Commission, the EFSA Panel on Dietetic Products, Nutrition and Allergies (NDA) was asked to deliver a scientific opinion on an extension of use for docosahexaenoic acid (DHA) and eicosapentaenoic acid (EPA)-rich algal oil from Schizochytrium sp. as a novel food ingredient (NFI) in the context of Regulation (EC) No 258/97. The NFI is already authorised for use in a range of foodstuffs at specified maximum levels. The applicant requests an extension of use of the NFI in food supplements up to a maximum DHA and EPA content of 3 g per daily dose for the adult population, excluding pregnant and lactating women. In a previous opinion on the Tolerable Upper Intake Level of EPA, DHA and docosapentaenoic acid (DPA), the Panel concluded that supplemental intake of EPA and DHA combined at doses up to 5 g/day, does not give rise to safety concerns for adults. Based on estimations of high intake of DHA and EPA from the NFI which are considered to be conservative, the Panel considers that this level will not be exceeded by the use of the NFI. The conclusion that there are no safety concerns for the NFI is supported by a 90-day study in which no adverse effect was observed at the highest dose tested of 5 %, equivalent to 3.149 and 3.343 g NFI/kg body weight per day for male and female rats. Following a request from a Member State, the Panel reviewed the evidence for an association between DHA and/or EPA intake and risk of prostate cancer. The Panel considers that, on the basis of available data, there is no evidence for a role of EPA and/or DHA intake in the development of prostate cancer. The Panel concludes that the NFI is safe under the proposed extension of use.

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“…In this scenario, the consumption of vegetable oils capable of covering the n-3 PUFAs needs, with a proven ability to induce the biosynthesis of EPA and DHA from its precursor ALA, may become a valid alternative to safely provide n-3 LCPUFAs. Chia and/or rosa mosqueta oils may constitute a good, safe and available source of ALA for the Latin American population to provide the well-known benefits of n-3 LCPUFA for cardiovascular diseases (Roth and Harris, 2010), rheumatoid arthritis (Hurst et al, 2010), obesity and diabetes mellitus (Oliver et al, 2010), neurodegenerative diseases (Cederholm and Palmblad, 2010), asthma (Fasano et al, 2010), inflammatory bowel disease (Bassaganya-Riera and Hontecillas, 2010; Knoc et al, 2009), cancer (Mandal et al, 2010;Szymanski et al, 2010), steatohepatitis (Araya et al, 2004;Gormaz et al, 2010), chronic kidney failure (Friedman, 2010) and against the injury caused to the heart and brain after ischemia/reperfusion episodes (Caló et al, 2005;Rodrigo et al, 2008;zuñiga et al, 2010). However, the effect of these innovative oils of providing ALA for the synthesis of EPA and DHA, as was observed in our model, must be replicated in humans to assess the real value of these oils as a nutritional source of ALA for the formation of n-3 LCPUFAs.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Evaluation of the hepatic bioconversion of α-linolenic acid (ALA) to eicosapentaenoic acid (EPA) and docosahexaenoic acid (DHA) in rats fed with oils from chia (<i>Salvia hispánica</i>) or rosa mosqueta (<i>Rosa rubiginosa</i>)

O.¹,

B.²,

Gormaz³

et al. 2012

Grasas y Aceites

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RESUMEN Evaluación de la bioconversión hepática de ácido a-linolénico (ALA) a ácido eicosapentaenoico (EPA) y ácido docosahexaenoico (DHA) en ratas alimentadas con aceites de chía (Salvia hispánica) o rosa mosqueta (Rosa rubiginosa).El elevado aporte en la dieta de ácidos grasos omega-6, en relación a los ácidos grasos omega-3, genera alteraciones de la salud cardiovascular, inflamación y otras patologías crónicas no transmisibles. Por otro lado, el pescado rico en ácidos grasos omega-3 es de bajo consumo en Latinoamérica, siendo necesario buscar otras alternativas de aporte de ácidos grasos omega-3, como lo son el aceite de chía (CO) o el de rosa mosqueta (RMO), ricos en ácido a-linolénico (ALA), que es el precursor de los ácidos grasos omega-3, eicosapentaenoico (EPA) y docosahexaenoico (DHA). Este trabajo evaluó en forma preliminar la bioconversión hepática del ALA en EPA y DHA y el daño hepático (histología y transaminasas) en ratas Sprague-Dawley alimentadas con diferentes aceites vegetales. Se conformaron cuatro grupos experimentales (n 5 9 animales por grupo) que recibieron durante 21 días: a) aceite de girasol (SFO); b) RMO, c) CO y d) aceite de oliva adicionado de aceite de pescado (EPA 1 DHA) (OO/FO). RMO y CO aumentaron los niveles hepáticos de ALA, EPA y DHA y disminuyeron la razón n-6/n-3 respecto a SFO (p  0,05), sin cambios en paráme-tros de daño hepático. Se concluye que CO y RMO pueden ser una alternativa nutricional de aporte de ALA para su bioconversión en EPA y DHA. PALABRAS CLAVE: Aceite de chía -Aceite de rosa mosqueta -Ácido a-linolénico -Ácido docosahexaenoico -Ácido ecosapentanoico -Bioconversión de ácidos grasos. SUMMARY Evaluation of the hepatic bioconversion of a-linolenic acid (ALA) to eicosapentaenoic acid (EPA) and docosahexaenoic acid (DHA) in rats fed with oils from chia (Salvia hispánica) or rosa mosqueta (rosa Rubiginosa).The high dietary intake of n-6 fatty acids in relation to n-3 fatty acids generates health disorders, such as cardiovascular diseases, inflammatory diseases and other chronic diseases. The consumption of fish, which is rich in n-3 fatty acids, is low in Latin America and it is necessary to seek other alternatives, such as chia oil (CO) or rosa mosqueta oil (RMO), which are rich in a-linolenic acid (ALA), the precursor of the n -3 fatty acids, eicosapentaenoic acid (EPA) and docosahexaenoic acid (DHA). This study evaluates the hepatic bioconversion of ALA to EPA and DHA and the damage to the liver (histology and transaminase) in SpragueDawley rats fed different vegetable oils. Four experimental groups (n 5 9 animals each group) were fed the following dietary supplements for 21 days: a) sunflower oil (SFO), b) RMO, c) CO d) olive oil with fish oil added (EPA and DHA) (OO/FO). RMO and CO increased the hepatic levels of ALA, EPA and DHA and decreased the n-6/n-3 ratio compared to SFO (p  0.05) without changes in the parameters of liver damage. It is concluded that CO and RMO may be nutritional alternatives for providing ALA for its bioconversion to EPA and DHA. ...

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Fish consumption and prostate cancer risk: a review and meta-analysis

Abstract: Our analyses provide no strong evidence of a protective association of fish consumption with prostate cancer incidence but showed a significant 63% reduction in prostate cancer-specific mortality.

Cited by 172 publications

References 42 publications

Fish intake, cooking practices, and risk of prostate cancer: results from a multi-ethnic case–control study

Fish intake, cooking practices, and risk of prostate cancer: results from a multi-ethnic case–control study

Scientific Opinion on the extension of use for DHA and EPA-rich algal oil fromSchizochytriumsp. as a Novel Food ingredient

Evaluation of the hepatic bioconversion of α-linolenic acid (ALA) to eicosapentaenoic acid (EPA) and docosahexaenoic acid (DHA) in rats fed with oils from chia (<i>Salvia hispánica</i>) or rosa mosqueta (<i>Rosa rubiginosa</i>)

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