Fish consumption and respiratory symptoms among young adults in a Norwegian community

Fluge, Øystein; Omenaas, Ernst; Eide, GE; Gulsvik, Amund

doi:10.1183/09031936.98.12020336

Cited by 42 publications

(29 citation statements)

References 19 publications

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“…These findings were supported by a plausible biological mechanism, ie an anti-inflammatory effect of the n-3 fatty acids abundantly present in fish oils. In accordance with our findings, all more recent epidemiological studies observed no association of fish intake with COPD related outcomes (Cook et al, 1997;Fluge et al, 1998;Tabak et al, 1999Tabak et al, , 2001aButland et al, 2000). It is not likely that this is due to a higher level of fish intake in the earlier studies.…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 91%

“…Cross-sectional studies published in 1990 and 1994 suggested an inverse association between fish consumption and COPD related outcomes . However, all cross-sectional studies published in later years reported negative findings (Cook et al, 1997;Fluge et al, 1998;Tabak et al, 1999Tabak et al, , 2001aButland et al, 2000). In the only individuallevel longitudinal study, no association of fish consumption with 25 y incidence of chronic lung disease was observed (Miedema et al, 1993).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 94%

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Diet and 20-year chronic obstructive pulmonary disease mortality in middle-aged men from three European countries

et al. 2002

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Objective: To investigate the relation of baseline antioxidant, fruit, vegetable and fish intake with 20 y chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) mortality in middle-aged men from three European countries. Design: Prospective study (1970 -1990). Setting: Five population-based cohorts of middle-aged men from Finland, Italy and The Netherlands. Subjects: A total of 2917 men aged 50 -69 y at baseline. Methods: Baseline information on diet was collected using the cross-check dietary history method. After 20 y of follow-up the underlying cause of death of those who died was established centrally. Survival analyses were performed using the Cox Proportional Hazards Model. Results: After adjustment for age, smoking and country, we observed an inverse trend (P-trend < 0.05) of 20 y COPD mortality across tertiles of fruit and vitamin E intake. No trend was observed for vegetables, fish, vitamin C and b-carotene. When modelled continuously, a 100 g increase in fruit intake was associated with a 24% lower COPD mortality risk (RR ¼ 0.76, 95% CI ¼ 0.60 -0.92). For vitamin E intake (per 5 mg) the RR was 0.77 (95% CI ¼ 0.55 -1.06), after adjustment for age, smoking and country. Additional adjustment for body mass index, total energy intake and alcohol consumption reduced the RR to 0.86 (95% CI ¼ 0.69 -1.07, P ¼ 0.12) for fruit and 0.93 (95% CI ¼ 0.65 -1.33) for vitamin E. Conclusions: Our results suggest a protective effect of fruit and possibly vitamin E intake against COPD. No effect was observed for intake of vitamin C, b-carotene, vegetables and fish.

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Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 91%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 94%

Diet and 20-year chronic obstructive pulmonary disease mortality in middle-aged men from three European countries

et al. 2002

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“…Questions on fish consumption, weight and height were added in the Norwegian screening questionnaire. Reported fish consumption was not related to respiratory symptoms [83]. The authors did, however, find an increased risk of wheeze with increasing body mass index.…”

Section: Risk Factorsmentioning

confidence: 60%

The European Community Respiratory Health Survey: what are the main results so far?

et al. 2001

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The European Community Respiratory Heath Survey (ECRHS) was the first study to assess the geographical variation in asthma and allergy in adults using the same instruments and definitions. The database of the ECRHS includes information fromy140,000 individuals from 22 countries. The aim of this review is to summarize the results of the ECRHS to date.The ECRHS has shown that there are large geographical differences in the prevalence of asthma, atopy and bronchial responsiveness, with high prevalence rates in English speaking countries and low prevalence rates in the Mediterranean region and Eastern Europe. Analyses of risk factors have highlighted the importance of occupational exposure for asthma in adulthood. The association between sensitization to individual allergens and bronchial responsiveness was strongest for indoor allergens (mite and cat). Analysis of treatment practices has confirmed that the treatment of asthma varies widely between countries and that asthma is often undertreated.In conclusion, the European Community Respiratory Health Survey has shown that the prevalence of asthma varies widely. The fact that the geographical pattern is consistent with the distribution of atopy and bronchial responsiveness supports the conclusion that the geographical variations in the prevalence of asthma are true and most likely due to environmental factors. Eur Respir J 2001; 18: 598-611. During the first half of the 1990s, information on the variation in asthma prevalence, known or suspected risk factors for atopy and asthma, and information on the management of asthma in young adults was collected in the European Community Respiratory Health Survey (ECRHS).The reason for undertaking the ECRHS was a rapid increase in the prevalence of asthma that had been reported from many different countries [1][2][3][4]. This increase was over too short a time period to be explained by genetic factors and must therefore have been related to nongenetic or environmental changes. Further evidence of the importance of environmental factors in asthma was that studies comparing prevalence in urban and rural areas in developing countries had shown large differences in asthma prevalence [5][6][7]. Treatment patterns of asthma [8] and asthma mortality [9] had been found to vary considerably in Europe which raised the question of whether the variation in mortality was due to geographical differences in the prevalence of asthma or differences in asthma fatality. Research directed towards identifying the environmental factors that explain this geographical variation in asthma was required to identify potential strategies to counter the global increase in the prevalence of asthma.The information available on the variation in the prevalence of asthma and allergy at the beginning of the 1990s had been collected through several studies using different protocols. The ECRHS was, therefore, the first study that assessed the prevalence of asthma and allergic disease in a large number of countries

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“…Several observational studies (Table 2) showed no relationship between fish intake and respiratory symptoms or clinically-manifest respiratory disease as an outcome variable (Schwartz & Weiss, 1990;Miedema et al 1993;Troisi et al 1995;Fluge et al 1998). However, Shahar et al (1994a) showed a strong beneficial association between fish intake and the prevalence of COPD.…”

Section: Polyunsaturated Fatty Acidsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Dietary influences on chronic obstructive lung disease and asthma: a review of the epidemiological evidence

1999

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The epidemiological evidence for a relationship between diet and indicators of asthma and chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) is evaluated. The review focuses on the intake of Na,n−3 fatty acids, and antioxidant vitamins as well as fruit and vegetables. Experimental studies suggest that a high-Na diet has a small adverse effect on airway reactivity in asthma patients. However, observational studies provide no clear evidence that high Na intake has adverse effects on airway reactivity or asthma symptoms in open populations.n−3 Polyunsaturated fatty acids, which are present in fish oils, are metabolized into less broncho-constricting and inflammatory mediators thann−6 polyunsaturated fatty acids. Studies in the general adult population suggest that a high fish intake has a beneficial effect on lung function, but the relationship with respiratory symptoms and clinically-manifest asthma or COPD is less evident. Also, experimental studies in asthma patients have not demonstrated an improvement in asthma severity after supplementation with fish oil. Several studies showed a beneficial association between fruit and vegetable intake and lung function, but the relationship with respiratory symptoms and the clinically-manifest disease was less convincing. A similar pattern was found for vitamin C in relation to indicators of asthma and COPD, but there are still conflicting results with respect to vitamin E and β-carotene. In conclusion, the epidemiological evidence for a beneficial effect on indicators of asthma and COPD of eating fish, fruit and vegetables is increasing. However, the effectiveness of dietary supplementation in open-population samples is often not demonstrated. Several unresolved questions are raised, which should be addressed in future studies on the relationship between diet and respiratory disease.

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Fish consumption and respiratory symptoms among young adults in a Norwegian community

Cited by 42 publications

References 19 publications

Diet and 20-year chronic obstructive pulmonary disease mortality in middle-aged men from three European countries

Diet and 20-year chronic obstructive pulmonary disease mortality in middle-aged men from three European countries

The European Community Respiratory Health Survey: what are the main results so far?

Dietary influences on chronic obstructive lung disease and asthma: a review of the epidemiological evidence

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