Fish hatchering and its effects on the morphology of Prochilodus lineatus (Actinopterygii: Prochilodontidae)

Saraiva, S. O.

doi:10.1590/1519-6984.18514

Cited by 4 publications

(16 citation statements)

References 29 publications

(50 reference statements)

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“…On the contrary, social enrichment seems to have diluted the effect of structural enrichment, as structuring ceased to be as important for curimba morphological variation when in the presence of piapara. One of the most important results of this study, it was that the social enrichment had increased the morphological variability in the reared curimba populations, approaching them of the wild populations (Taylor, 1986;Saraiva and Pompeu, 2016).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 67%

“…Wild populations exhibit great variability in shape (Taylor, 1986;Saraiva and Pompeu, 2016). Therefore, simply using two or more species is a potential management tool in hatcheries to obtain fish more similar to wild ones.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Hatchery tanks are quite homogenous and presents high density and less variable population, lacking of predators and prey, but constant food availability by pellets, while in the wild variables are spatially and temporally unpredictable, including turbidity level, water flow and structural complexity provided by gravel, rocks, plants and trees (Johnsson et al, 2014). As a result, farmed fish differ from wild fish in several aspects, like morphology, exhibiting distinct colorations (Maynard et al, 1994), different body, head and fin proportions (Swain et (Taylor, 1986;Saraiva and Pompeu, 2016). Thus, the environmental enrichment of hatchery tanks has been proposed as a means of minimizing the effects of captivity on the morphology of farmed fish (Näslund and Johnsson, 2014).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Structural and Social Enrichment: Effects on the Morphology of a Tropical Hatchery Fish

Saraiva¹

2016

Appl Ecol Env Res

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Abstract. Hatchery tanks offer conditions completely different from the natural environment, with a high degree of environmental homogeneity. As a result, for some species, farmed fish can be morphologically distinct from their wild counterparts and the populations can be morphologically less diverse. To minimize the effects of the homogeneity, the environmental enrichment of tanks can be proposed as a way of resembling natural conditions. In this study we evaluated two types of enrichment: structural, which was performed by adding submerged logs (tree trunks) and artificial aquatic plants to increase environmental complexity; and social, which was accomplished by the simultaneous farming of two species in one pond to increase the degree of ecological interactions. The aim was to test whether social and structural enrichment of hatchery tanks modifies the morphology and anatomical variability of curimba Prochilodus lineatus. The results showed that both types of enrichment led to morphological divergence, however social enrichment had a bigger effect, increasing morphological variability and diluting the effect of structural enrichment. Therefore, the simultaneous farming of two or more species can constitute a simple tool for hatchery fish management, to increase population morphological variability and potentially increase the chances for survival after release into the natural environment.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 67%

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Structural and Social Enrichment: Effects on the Morphology of a Tropical Hatchery Fish

Saraiva¹

2016

Appl Ecol Env Res

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“…For example, training fish to recognize predators by exposing them to predator cues can increase antipredator behavior (Becker & Gabor, 2012; Crane et al, 2015; Keefe, 1992; but see Kopack et al, 2023), and fish can learn to associate a visual cue, like a model of a predator, with danger when paired with conspecific alarm cue or an identifying predator odor (Becker & Gabor, 2012; Brown & Laland, 2001; Olla et al, 1998; Vilhunen, 2006). Similarly, abiotic enrichment to make the captive environment more natural shows promise for increasing expression of phenotypes associated with surviving predator encounters after release (Belk et al, 2008; Chittenden et al, 2010; Fuss & Byrne, 2002; Hutchison et al, 2012; Saraiva & Pompeu, 2016; Ullah et al, 2017). Subjecting hatchery‐reared fish to variable temperatures, variable flow, and/or structure (e.g., artificial plants and refugia) can shift traits like thermal tolerance (Blair & Glover, 2019), metabolic rate (Cook et al, 2018), muscle development (Evans et al, 2015), swimming performance (Bergendahl et al, 2017; Chittenden et al, 2010; Higham et al, 2015), personality (Brignon et al, 2018; Lee & Berejikian, 2008), neural plasticity (Salvanes et al, 2013), and stress levels (Zhang et al, 2020) to more closely match those observed in wild fish.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

The effects of abiotic enrichment and predator training on the behavior, morphology, and survival of a species of conservation concern

Kopack

Fetherman

Broder

et al. 2023

Conservat Sci and Prac

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Conservation practitioners often rely on captive breeding programs to supplement wild populations at risk of extinction. While supplementation has been successful for some taxa, the success of using hatchery fish to supplement wild populations is severely impacted by predation. Elevated predation on hatchery fish may arise because hatchery environments often differ from wild environments and constrain the ability of hatchery fish to be adapted to the environments in which they are released. We assessed the effects of abiotic enrichment on the expression of behavioral and morphological phenotypes across three populations of a species of conservation concern, the Arkansas darter (Etheostoma cragini). We also used a factorial approach to assess whether abiotic enrichment and predator training increases survival during encounters with a novel predator. We found that abiotic enrichment affected ecomorphological attributes associated with fins; generally, measures of the caudal and pectoral fin decreased in the treatment group compared to the control treatment. Behaviorally, darters reared with abiotic enrichment increased feeding and decreased movement compared to the control group. Importantly, we found that in combination with predator training, abiotic enrichment increased the probability of surviving first encounters with a predator. We therefore recommend conservation practitioners incorporate abiotic enrichment and predator training in hatchery programs. Captive breeding programs are used to supplement wild populations at risk of extinction, but hatchery‐reared fish often do not survive after release. Using the threatened Arkansas darter, we show that abiotic enrichment and predator training of hatchery populations impact behavior and morphology and increase the probability of surviving first encounters with a non‐native predator.

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“…Ecological morphology, or ecomorphology, is the branch of ecology that studies the relationships between morphology and ecological aspects among individuals, populations, guilds, and communities (Karr and James 1975, Gatz 1979b, Winemiller 1992, Chapman et al 2015. For a long time, ecologists have been interested in the relationship between the morphology of organisms, their ecological performance and the evolutionary consequences of this relationship for the selection and maintenances of adaptative traits in populations (Gatz 1979a, Wikramanayake 1990, Winemiller 1991, Leal et al 2011, Saraiva and Pompeu 2016. Ecomorphological studies of fish aim to understand the importance of certain attributes in the ecology of the species and how they influence their adaptation to different habitats (Douglas and Matthews 1992, Norton et al 1995, Casatti and Castro 2006, Lailvaux and Husak 2014.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Ecological separation by ecomorphology and swimming performance between two congeneric fish species

Souza¹

2020

Zoologia

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The high diversity of freshwater fish species reflects a great morphological plasticity. Understanding the relationship between swimming capacity, morphology and habitat use may be important to predict the chances of finding a species at an anthropized environment. The swimming capacity and morphological aspects of two sympatric species of Characidium, and for which spatial segregation in different hydraulic habitats is known, were compared in this study. Twenty-one individuals of Characidium fasciatum Reinhardt, 1867 and 23 individuals of Characidium cf. zebra Eigenmann, 1909 were captured and used for the evaluation of the swimming capacity and ecomorphological attributes. The swimming capacity of each species was obtained by measuring critical and relative velocities. A total of 12 ecomorphological attributes correlated with habitat use and swimming characteristics were also compared. The Mann-Whitney mean test showed that the swimming capacity of C. fasciatum was greater than that of C. cf. zebra, and the standard length of the individuals explained 12.42% of the variation in their capacity to withstand water flow. Both species were morphologically distinct in the relative length of the caudal peduncle, ventral flattening index and the relative area of the pectoral fin. The relative area of the pectoral fin alone accounted for 16.71% of the differences in the ability to resist the water flow and which were not explained by body length. Our results showed that two species differed in the ecomorphological space and in their swimming capacity, supporting the hypothesis that the greater the hydrodynamism, the better a fish is able to withstand the water flow, and that this capacity is correlated with the morphological characteristics linked to the swimming activity of the fish.

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Fish hatchering and its effects on the morphology of Prochilodus lineatus (Actinopterygii: Prochilodontidae)

Cited by 4 publications

References 29 publications

Structural and Social Enrichment: Effects on the Morphology of a Tropical Hatchery Fish

Structural and Social Enrichment: Effects on the Morphology of a Tropical Hatchery Fish

The effects of abiotic enrichment and predator training on the behavior, morphology, and survival of a species of conservation concern

Ecological separation by ecomorphology and swimming performance between two congeneric fish species

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