Fish herpesvirus diseases: a short review of current knowledge

Abstract

Fish herpesviruses can cause significant economic losses in aquaculture, and some of these viruses are oncogenic. The virion morphology and genome organization of fish herpesviruses are generally similar to those of higher vertebrates, but the phylogenetic connections between herpesvirus families are tenuous. In accordance with new taxonomy, fish herpesviruses belong to the family Alloherpesviridae in the order Herpesvirales. Fish herpesviruses can induce diseases ranging from mild, inapparent infections to serious ones that cause mass mortality. The aim of this work was to summarize the present knowledge about fish herpesvirus diseases.

Anthropogenic spreading ofanguillid herpesvirus 1by stocking of infected farmed European eels,Anguilla anguilla(L.), in the Schlei fjord in northern Germany

“…; van Beurden et al . ; Lepa & Siwicki ). Because foraging is impaired, the risk of consuming prey loaded with A. crassus larvae must be decreased.…”

“…7500 km apart) did not even started. Virus-infected eels showed a significant lower mean parasite load than non-infected eels which might be a result of virus-induced lethargy and related lack of appetite (Hangalapura et al 2007;EFSA 2008;Haenen et al 2009;van Beurden et al 2012;Lepa & Siwicki 2012). Because foraging is impaired, the risk of consuming prey loaded with A. crassus larvae must be decreased.…”

“…; Hangalapura et al . ; Lepa & Siwicki ). AngHV 1 can form a persistent stage in the host (van Nieuwstadt, Dijkstra & Haenen ), and Hangalapura et al .…”

“…The virus was characterized by Sano et al (1990) and is present in most eel farms today (EFSA 2008). Infected eels may show pathological changes affecting the skin, gills and liver associated with haemorrhages, necrosis and lesions (Davidse et al 1999;Haenen et al 2002;Hangalapura et al 2007;Lepa & Siwicki 2012). AngHV 1 can form a persistent stage in the host (van Nieuwstadt, Dijkstra & Haenen 2001), and Hangalapura et al (2007) could prove its high virulence by showing that it is transferable to na€ ıve eels by bath immersion.…”

Tales from the crypt and coral reef: the successes and challenges of identifying new herpesviruses using metagenomics

“…Herpesviruses are double-stranded DNA viruses which infect many members of the animal kingdom, including mammals, birds and reptiles ( McGeoch and Gatherer, 2005 ), fish ( Lepa and Siwicki, 2012 ), amphibians ( Davison et al, 2006 ), molluscs ( Nicolas et al, 1992 ; Savin et al, 2010 ), and cnidarians ( Vega Thurber et al, 2008 ; Grasis et al, 2014 ). They typically infect a large proportion of their target population, spreading through a variety of horizontal and vertical routes.…”