Fish Intake and Death From Pulmonary Embolisms Among Japanese Men and Women　― The Japan Collaborative Cohort (JACC) Study ―

Abstract

Background: Numerous studies have reported the association of cardiovascular risk factors with pulmonary embolism (PE), but the association of dietary factors, especially fish intake, with the risk of PE has not been fully established. Methods and Results:Using a prospective design, we studied the risk of PE mortality in relation to fish intake in 90,791 communitydwelling men and women in Japan aged 40-79 years. The hazard ratios (HRs) and 95% confidence intervals (CIs) for PE death were estimated using the Cox proportional hazards model. Compared with participants in the lowest fresh fish intake group (<1 time/month), the HRs (95% CIs) for PE death for those in the other intake groups were 0.35 (0.08-1.59) for 1-2 times/month, 0.19 (0.05-0.69) for 1-2 times/week, 0.20 (0.06-0.74) for 3-4 times/week, and 0.18 (0.05-0.66) for fish intake every day. In addition to these findings, compared with the participants in the lowest 10% of ω3 polyunsaturated fatty acid intake, those in the other groups had a 60-76% lower risk of PE death. Conclusions:Fresh fish intake, even 1-2 times/week, is associated with a lower risk of death from PE among Japanese men and women.

Associations of Fish and Omega-3 Fatty Acids Consumption With the Risk of Venous Thromboembolism. A Meta-Analysis of Prospective Cohort Studies

“…Third, the processing method of fish may also matter. The effect from fresh fish consumption on VTE risk was stronger than that from dried or salted fish, steamed fish paste and deepfried fish (omega-3 fatty acids were mainly derived from fresh fish) (31). Fourth, the content of omega-3 fatty acids in fatty fish can be up to 7-8 folds higher than that in lean fish.…”

“…After eliminating 70 duplicated articles, 137 articles were screened by titles and abstracts. 78 irrelevant studies, 22 reviews, case reports or letters, 11 non-human studies, 17 randomized control trials studies and two studies with duplicated or inappropriate data (outcome was PE death) were removed (30,31). Eventually, a total of seven articles with eight prospective studies were identified for this meta-analysis (13,(19)(20)(21)(22)(23)(24).…”

Japanese-Style Diet and Cardiovascular Disease Mortality: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis of Prospective Cohort Studies

“…Regarding other diseases related to CVD, the death risk from pulmonary embolism was reduced in the group with the highest fresh fish consumption (0.17, 95% CI: 0.05–0.64) [ 50 ], and the death risk from aortic disease was increased in people who rarely ate fish (1.93, 95% CI: 1.13–3.31, p for trend = 0.009) [ 51 ] ( Table S3 ).…”

Contrasting Associations of Prudent and Western Dietary Patterns with Risk of Developing Venous Thromboembolism

“…Although our study found no association of individual food and beverage intake with venous thromboembolism, previous studies have had inconsistent results for the most frequently studied food groups such as fruits, vegetables, fish, and meat. In general, venous thromboembolism is inversely associated with fish 2,[4][5][6]19 and positively associated with red and processed meat intake. 2,9 Prior studies consistently found no relation of whole grain, 2,3,7 total meat, 4,7 or sugar-sweetened beverage 3,5 consumption with venous thromboembolism.…”