Fish kill at low pH in a Norwegian river

Leivestad, H.; Muniz, I. P.

doi:10.1038/259391a0

Cited by 303 publications

(82 citation statements)

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“…Ces réponses ont été notées pour les pH très acides (ELLIS, 1937et WESTFALL, 1945, in ALABASTER et LLOYD, 1980LLOYD et JORDAN, 1964, in DAYE et GARSIDE, 1980DAYE et GARSIDE, 1976) et font obstacle à Posmorégulation (LEIVESTAD et MUNIZ, 1976, in RASK, 1983. Les conséquences en sont probablement une mortalité rapide.…”

Section: Discussionunclassified

Effets négatifs de pH extrêmes sur le développement embryonnaire et larvaire du brochet Esox lucius L.

Louarn

Webb

1998

Bull. Fr. Pêche Piscic.

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RÉSUMÉParmi les facteurs abiotiques conditionnant la survie au cours de la vie embryonnaire et larvaire des poissons, le pH semble jouer un rôle primordial. La motivation de ce travail provient d'observations sur les importantes variations de ses valeurs au printemps, l'existence de pH très acides en étangs forestiers et des mortalités importantes de brochetons au cours de la même période.Lexpérimentation s'est déroulée en aquariums avec une gamme de valeurs allant de 4,5 à 10,5 unités pH. Des tests en bains, continus ou momentanés (1 heure), sont effectués. Deux stades sont étudiés : les oeufs fécondés suivis jusqu'après l'éclosion ; les alevins incubés à pH neutre suivis jusqu'à la résorption de la vésicule vitelline.Les paramètres suivants sont étudiés : survie, déroulement de l'embryogenèse, anomalies éventuelles, performances de nage. Le rythme cardiaque de l'embryon a été mesuré. Les résultats sont les suivants :-Les valeurs létales sont respectivement de 6 et 10 (alevins) et 4,5 et 10,5 (embryons).-L'action sur les oeufs est moins forte, même si une mortalité importante (46,7 %) et de faibles performances de nage pour un pH inférieur à 6 semblent hypothéquer la réussite du recrutement. La valeur de 10,5 provoque un développement déficient des quelques individus survivants.-Sur les alevins, même en bains d'une heure, la survie est faible : 42,6 % à pH 5, 29,3 % à pH 10. Le rythme cardiaque ne variait pas de façon notable entre les seuils de tolérance.Ces résultats permettent de récapituler pour une espèce largement distribuée les conditions de recrutement liées à l'acidité du milieu. Il faut noter que les hausses brutales du pH au printemps dans des plans d'eau sur substrat cristallin rendent aléatoires la réussite des empoissonnements en brochetons des premiers stades. Mots-clés NEGATIVE EFFECTS OF EXTREME ENVIRONMENTAL PH ON EMBRYONIC AND LARVAL DEVELOPMENT OF THE PIKE ESOX LUCIUS L. ABSTRACTThe survival of fish embryos and larvae depends on many environmental factors and pH is of particular importance. The present study was investigated following the observation that, during the same period in spring, the pH was extremely basic in same ponds or very acid in forest ones, and the mortality of young pike very high.Experiments were carried out in aquariums with a range of pH from 4.5 to 10.5. Incubation at a particular value was either continuous or of short duration (1 h). Two developmental stages were studied : fertilized eggs up to hatching ; alevins followed until absorption of the yolk sac.The parameters analysed were the following : survival, development, abnormalities, swimming performance and heart rate.The following results were obtained :-The lethal pH values were 6 and 10 for alevins, 4.5 and 10.5 for unhatched embryos. The unhatched embryos were less sensitive, although a high mortality (46.7 %) and weak swimming performance at pH below 6 would reduce the success of recruitment. The few survivors at pH 10.5 showed abnormal development.-For alevins, even a short exposure of 1 hour reduced surviv...

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Section: Discussionunclassified

Effets négatifs de pH extrêmes sur le développement embryonnaire et larvaire du brochet Esox lucius L.

Louarn

Webb

1998

Bull. Fr. Pêche Piscic.

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“…The m ajor acidifying components are S 0 2, (NO)x and oxidation products of N H 3. As a consequence of the acidification, fish populations are vanishing, especially in poorly buffered areas like Scandinavia, Canada and the north-eastern U.S.A. (Beamish, 1976;Leivestad & Muniz, 1976). The main causes for the disappear ance of fish populations are osmoregulatory stress, disturbances of the acid-base balance, increased gill diffusion distance resulting in hypoxia, reduced reproduc tive capacity, changes in predator-prey interactions, impaired growth, and an accumulation of aluminium and heavy metal ions in the acidified waters (Fromm, 1980).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Tilapia are able to withstand long‐term exposure to low environmental pH, judged by their energy status, ionic balance and plasma cortisol

Ginneken

Eersel

Balm

et al. 1997

Journal of Fish Biology

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Tilapia Oraochromis mossambicus were exposed to water at pH 4-0 for 37 days. The water was acidified slowly over 6 h enabling the animals to acclimate and preventing damage of the gill epithelium. Additional stressors, e.g. aluminium ions and handling stress, were avoided. No mortality or decreased food consumption was observed during the exposure period. No significant changes were observed between the control and acid exposed groups for the energy rich compounds and related parameters, i.e. Lhe adenylate energy charge, the pool of tota! adenine nucleotides, and the IMP load of white muscle and liver, indicating maintenance of homeostasis. Moreover, there were no significant differences between control groups and acidified groups at 3, 17 and 37 days for plasma sodium, chloride, cortisol and glucose, implying that ionic balance was maintained and that there was no activation of the pituitaryinterrenal axis. It is concluded that tilapia can acclimate to water at pH 4*0 when the acidification rate is slow and additional stressors are avoided. (Ç) 1997 The Fisheries Society of the British Isles

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“…Moreover, in the case of salmon, river fishing in the seven major rivers of Southern Norway accounts for only 1% of the official Norwegian catch. Some of these points are revealed in Figure 1 which shows the total official Norwegian sea and river salmon catch, 44 the official reported fish kill of the Tovdal Valley (Norway) in Spring 1975, 45 it was noted that the effects were not apparent over the whole catchment and that only one species (brown trout; salmoi trutta) suffered.…”

Section: Aquaticmentioning

confidence: 99%

A Review of European Experience

Barnes

1979

Journal of the Air Pollution Control Association

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Fish kill at low pH in a Norwegian river

Cited by 303 publications

References 5 publications

Effets négatifs de pH extrêmes sur le développement embryonnaire et larvaire du brochet Esox lucius L.

Effets négatifs de pH extrêmes sur le développement embryonnaire et larvaire du brochet Esox lucius L.

Tilapia are able to withstand long‐term exposure to low environmental pH, judged by their energy status, ionic balance and plasma cortisol

A Review of European Experience

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