Fish oil, enriched with polyunsaturated fatty acids of the omega-3-type accelerates the nucleation time in healthy subjects

Janowitz, P; Swobodnik, W; Wechsler, J. G.; Janowitz, A.; Saal, Daniela; Ditschuneit, H.

doi:10.1007/bf01644757

Klin Wochenschr

1991

DOI: 10.1007/bf01644757

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Fish oil, enriched with polyunsaturated fatty acids of the omega-3-type accelerates the nucleation time in healthy subjects

P Janowitz

W Swobodnik

J. G. Wechsler

et al.

Abstract: The daily administration of fish oil, containing 1.5 g omega-3-fatty acids causes a significant decrease in nucleation time (12.1 +/-7.3 vs. 2.0 +/- 1.2 days, p less than 0.001), as well as in biliary cholesterol saturation and biliary cholesterol composition in 13 healthy subjects. The nucleation time, cholesterol saturation index and biliary lipids showed no significant differences in 11 cholesterol gallstone patients after a six-week treatment period with omega-3-fatty acids. Taurocholate percentage increas… Show more

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Cited by 4 publications

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“…The CSI was not able to be assessed in the present study due to the low volume of bile available in mice. However, Janowitz et al (27) reported that fish oil consumption significantly decreased the CSI in humans.…”

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Effect of eicosapentaenoic acid on cholesterol gallstone formation in C57BL/6J mice

Cho

Park

Kim

et al. 2014

Molecular Medicine Reports

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Abstract. The present study investigated the preventive effect of ω-3 fatty acids against cholesterol gallstone (CG) formation. CG formation was induced in C57BL/6J mice using a lithogenic diet (LD). The mice were divided into four treatment groups: i) LD, ii) LD plus eicosapentaenoic acid (EPA), iii) LD plus docosahexaenoic acid (DHA) and iv) LD plus EPA plus DHA. Subsequent to feeding the mice the LD for four weeks, EPA and/or DHA (70 mg/kg/day) were orally administered for eight weeks. The mice in the EPA treatment groups exhibited significantly less gallstone formation than those in the LD group. By contrast, DHA treatment only slightly suppressed gallstone formation. The expression of mucin 2, 5AC, 5B and 6 was significantly decreased in the gallbladders of mice in the EPA groups (70-90%) and the LD plus DHA group (30-50%), compared with that in the mice in the LD group. In addition, the mRNA expression of 3-hydroxy-3-methylglutaryl-coenzyme A reductase was significantly decreased in the livers of mice in the EPA treatment group compared with that in the livers of mice in the LD group. In conclusion, EPA was found to have a dominant anti-lithogenic effect in C57BL/6J mice. IntroductionEicosapentaenoic acid (EPA) and docosahexaenoic acid (DHA) are essential fatty acids belonging to the group of ω-3 fatty acids, which are primarily found in coldwater fish. These polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFAs) have an important role in the functions of the body and are converted into hormone-like substances known as prostaglandins and leukotrienes (1). EPA has been shown to provide health benefits in patients with coronary heart disease, high blood pressure, mental health conditions, such as schizophrenia, and inflammatory disorders, including rheumatoid arthritis (2-6). DHA is a key component of brain tissue and the retina of the eye (7,8). Low levels of DHA cause reduced serotonin levels in the brain, which may result in depression, attention deficit hyperactivity disorder, cognitive decline and Alzheimer's disease (9-11).It is well established that the key factors associated with cholesterol gallstone (CG) formation are biliary cholesterol hypersaturation and gallbladder mucin hypersecretion. The hypersaturation of cholesterol in the bile may result from a high-cholesterol diet or hepatic cholesterol overproduction. The elevation of biliary cholesterol concentration leads to the hypersecretion of mucin and the aggregation of cholesterol crystals (12,13). Several mucin (MUC) genes, including MUC2, MUC5AC, MUC5B and MUC6, are expressed in the gallbladder mucosa (14). The upregulation of these MUC genes leads to increased mucin concentrations, which increase bile viscosity and lead to the formation of a gel matrix that can entrap cholesterol crystals in the gallbladder (15-16).The only established medical treatment for CG is ursodeoxycholic acid (UDCA). However, a number of studies have demonstrated that the therapeutic efficacy exhibited by UDCA lacks consistency and is not entirely satisfactory (17-19). Despite numerous...

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Effect of eicosapentaenoic acid on cholesterol gallstone formation in C57BL/6J mice

Cho

Park

Kim

et al. 2014

Molecular Medicine Reports

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Phospholipid molecular species influence crystal habits and transition sequences of metastable intermediates during cholesterol crystallization from bile salt-rich model bile.

Konikoff¹,

Cohen²,

Carey³

1994

Journal of Lipid Research

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Dietary fish oil inhibits cholesterol monohydrate crystal nucleation and gallstone formation in the prairie dog

Magnuson¹,

Lillemoe²,

High³

et al. 1995

Surgery

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Fish oil, enriched with polyunsaturated fatty acids of the omega-3-type accelerates the nucleation time in healthy subjects

Cited by 4 publications

References 28 publications

Effect of eicosapentaenoic acid on cholesterol gallstone formation in C57BL/6J mice

Effect of eicosapentaenoic acid on cholesterol gallstone formation in C57BL/6J mice

Phospholipid molecular species influence crystal habits and transition sequences of metastable intermediates during cholesterol crystallization from bile salt-rich model bile.

Dietary fish oil inhibits cholesterol monohydrate crystal nucleation and gallstone formation in the prairie dog

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