Fish Oil (Polyunsaturated Fatty Acid) Prevents Ischemic-induced Injury in the Mammalian Retina

Evaluation of glutamate loss from damaged retinal cells of dogs with primary glaucoma

“…35 Clumps of chromatin and swollen INL cells may also be evident within 4 hours after other insults, including ischemia. 40,41 Glutamate release and redistribution after onset of hypoxiaischemia is rapid, beginning < 20 minutes after the start of the insult. 25,30 The rapidity of release of glutamate and damage to cells suggests that if glutamate contributes to the progressive damage in dogs with PG, damage may spread to neighboring cells in a matter of hours to days.…”

ELOVL4 protein preferentially elongates 20:5n3 to very long chain PUFAs over 20:4n6 and 22:6n3

“…Also, in animal models, n3 PUFA supplementation has been shown to enhance ( 72 ) or prevent the reduction in ERG a-and b-wave amplitudes after transient ischemia ( 73,74 ). Dietary n3 PUFAs have also been shown to be effective in suppressing infl ammation and in reducing the incidence of arteriosclerosis and heart failure by lowering plasma triglycerides and blood pressure ( 75,76 ).…”

A dietary combination of omega-3 and omega-6 polyunsaturated fatty acids is more efficient than single supplementations in the prevention of retinal damage induced by elevation of intraocular pressure in rats

“…Dietary ω3 PUFAs have also been beneficial in lowering the harmful consequences of ischemia in the brain tissue, as demonstrated in the rat [13]. Concerning the retinal tissue and particularly retinal ischemia, an ω3 PUFA supplementation has been shown to prevent the reduction of ERG a-and bwave amplitudes after transient ischemia [14,15]. Finally, RGC function has been shown to be enhanced under physiologic conditions after ω3 PUFA supplementation [16].…”