Fish oil prevents change in arachidonic acid and cholesterol content in rat caused by dietary cholesterol

Garg, Manohar L.; Wierzbicki, A.; Keelan, M.; Thomson, A. B. R.; Clandinin, M. T.

doi:10.1007/bf02535161

Cited by 20 publications

(7 citation statements)

References 31 publications

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“…The mean body mass increased by 213+7 g in the control, 236±10 g in the n-6 treatment group, and 191 ± 12 g in the n-3 diet group. A similar observation of comparatively lower body mass in a dietary fish oil group was reported previously [15].…”

Section: Food Consumption and Body Weightssupporting

confidence: 89%

Comparative Effects of Dietary Fat Manipulation on Fatty Acid Composition of Rat Stomach, Jejunum, and Colon Phospholipids.

Garg

Blake

Reinhard

1997

J. Clin. Biochem. Nutr.

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SummaryThe phospholipid fatty acid composition of three parts of gastrointestinal tract (GIT) possessing different functions (stomach, jejunum, and colon) was examined to determine if these gut segments consistently respond to dietary fat. Three groups of eight weanling male Sprague-Dawley rats were fed one of three isocaloric, semi-synthetic, nutritionally adequate diets for six weeks. The fat type in the control diet was primarily beef tallow supplemented with sufficient linoleic acid (18: 2n-6) to prevent essential fatty acid deficiency, the n-6 diet contained high levels of 18:2n-6, and the n-3 diet provided high levels of eicosapentaenoic (20:5n-3) and docosahexaenoic (22:6n-3) acids with similar levels of 18:2n-6 as in the control diet. Feeding the n-3 diet resulted in the incorporation of 20:5n-3 and 22:6n-3 into all the GIT segments examined; however, the incorporation was significantly higher in the jejunum and the colon, compared with that in the stomach, phospholipids. The arachidonic acid (20:4n-6) content was lower in the stomach, jejunum, and colon phospholipids following the feeding of the n-3 diet. The 18: 2n-6 content was found to be higher following consumption of the n-3 diet compared with that found for the control diet. The 20:4n-6 content was significantly higher in the jejunum than in the colon or stomach phospholipids, whereas the 18:2n-6 content was consistently higher in all the GIT segments in animals fed the n-6 diet. This diet group also exhibited lower levels of monounsaturated fatty acids in the stomach and lower levels of saturated fatty acids in the jejunum and the colon phospholipids. Thus, dietary fat manipulations inconsistently influence the phospholipid fatty acid composition of various parts of the GIT, suggesting that the functioning of the stomach, jejunum, and colon may be affected differently by alterations in the type of dietary fat ingested.

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Section: Food Consumption and Body Weightssupporting

confidence: 89%

Comparative Effects of Dietary Fat Manipulation on Fatty Acid Composition of Rat Stomach, Jejunum, and Colon Phospholipids.

Garg

Blake

Reinhard

1997

J. Clin. Biochem. Nutr.

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“…Using linseed oil [5] or perilla oil [6,7] as the sources of α-18 : 3, it has been reported that dietary α-18 : 3 in relation to both saturated fatty acids and 18 : 2 reduces serum lipid concentrations in rats as currently confirmed. However, the mechanism(s) by which dietary α-18 : 3 reduces serum lipid concentrations is not clear.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 88%

“…Available information indicated that dietary fats rich in n-3 octadecatrienoic acid (α-linolenic acid) such as linseed [5] and perilla oils [6,7] compared to those rich in n-6 octadecadienoic acid (linoleic acid) decrease serum lipid concentrations in the rat. It is probable that dietary α-linolenic acid, as in the case of fish oil, modifies fatty acid metabolism in the liver and thus, decreases serum lipid concentrations.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Effect of dietary α‐linolenic acid on the activity and gene expression of hepatic fatty acid oxidation enzymes

Ishii¹

2000

BioFactors

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The activities of hepatic fatty acid oxidation enzymes in rats fed linseed and perilla oils rich in alpha-linolenic acid (alpha-18:3) were compared with those in the animals fed safflower oil rich in linoleic acid (18:2) and saturated fats (coconut or palm oil). Mitochondrial and peroxisomal palmitoyl-CoA (16:0-CoA) oxidation rates in the liver homogenates were significantly higher in rats fed linseed and perilla oils than in those fed saturated fats and safflower oil. The fatty oxidation rates increased as dietary levels of alpha-18:3 increased. Dietary alpha-18:3 also increased the activity of fatty acid oxidation enzymes except for 3-hydroxyacyl-CoA dehydrogenase. Unexpectedly, dietary alpha-18:3 caused great reduction in the activity of 3-hydroxyacyl-CoA dehydrogenase measured with short- and medium-chain substrates but not with long-chain substrate. Dietary alpha-18:3 significantly increased the mRNA levels of hepatic fatty acid oxidation enzymes including carnitine palmitoyltransferase I and II, mitochondrial trifunctional protein, acyl-CoA oxidase, peroxisomal bifunctional protein, mitochondrial and peroxisomal 3-ketoacyl-CoA thiolases, 2, 4-dienoyl-CoA reductase and delta3, delta2-enoyl-CoA isomerase. Fish oil rich in very long-chain n-3 fatty acids caused similar changes in hepatic fatty acid oxidation. Regarding the substrate specificity of beta-oxidation pathway, mitochondrial and peroxisomal beta-oxidation rate of alpha-18:3-CoA, relative to 16:0- and 18:2-CoAs, was higher irrespective of the substrate/albumin ratios in the assay mixture or dietary fat sources. The substrate specificity of carnitine palmitoyltransferase I appeared to be responsible for the differential mitochondrial oxidation rates of these acyl-CoA substrates. Dietary fats rich in alpha-18:3-CoA relative to safflower oil did not affect the hepatic activity of fatty acid synthase and glucose 6-phosphate dehydrogenase. It was suggested that both substrate specificities and alterations in the activities of the enzymes in beta-oxidation pathway play a significant role in the regulation of the serum lipid concentrations in rats fed alpha-18:3.

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“…Data on total cholesterol levels under HF diets are inconsistent, and definite statements about the putative induction of hypercholesterinemia by a pure HF diet, i.e., without addition of cholesterol, do not seem possible from the literature at present. The only exception is fish oil‐based diets; there, a hypocholesterolemic effect is clearly established (45, 46, 47, 48).…”

Section: General Metabolic Effects Of Hf Dietsmentioning

confidence: 99%

High‐fat Diets: Modeling the Metabolic Disorders of Human Obesity in Rodents

Buettner

Schölmerich

Bollheimer

2007

Obesity

1,004

711

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BUETTNER, ROLAND, JÜ RGEN SCHÖ LMERICH, AND L. CORNELIUS BOLLHEIMER. High-fat diets: modeling the metabolic disorders of human obesity in rodents. Obesity. 2007;15:798 -808. Research Methods and Procedures: High-fat (HF) diet feeding can induce obesity and metabolic disorders in rodents that resemble the human metabolic syndrome. However, this dietary intervention is not standardized, and the HF-induced phenotype varies distinctly among different studies. The question which HF diet type is best to model the metabolic deterioration seen in human obesity remains unclear. Therefore, in this review, metabolic data obtained with different HF diet approaches are compiled. Both whole-body and organ-specific diet effects are analyzed. Results: On the basis of these results, we conclude that animal fats and -6/ -9-containing plant oils can be used to generate an obese and insulin-resistant phenotype in rodents, whereas fish oil-fed animals do not develop these disorders. Discussion: Looking at the present data, it does not seem possible to define an ideal HF diet, and an exact definition of diet composition and a thorough metabolic characterization of the HF diet effects in a researcher's specific laboratory setting remains essential for metabolic studies with this model.

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Fish oil prevents change in arachidonic acid and cholesterol content in rat caused by dietary cholesterol

Cited by 20 publications

References 31 publications

Comparative Effects of Dietary Fat Manipulation on Fatty Acid Composition of Rat Stomach, Jejunum, and Colon Phospholipids.

Comparative Effects of Dietary Fat Manipulation on Fatty Acid Composition of Rat Stomach, Jejunum, and Colon Phospholipids.

Effect of dietary α‐linolenic acid on the activity and gene expression of hepatic fatty acid oxidation enzymes

High‐fat Diets: Modeling the Metabolic Disorders of Human Obesity in Rodents

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