Fish otolith mass asymmetry: morphometry and influence on acoustic functionality

Lychakov, D. V.; Rebane, Yu. T.

doi:10.1016/j.heares.2004.08.017

Cited by 75 publications

(113 citation statements)

References 30 publications

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“…To simulate the mechanics of CO 2 -altered otoliths, we applied the size and relative density data from sagittal otoliths in our experiment to a mathematical model of otolith motion in response to an 0.8-nm amplitude sinusoidal acoustic wave (27,28). Our simulation demonstrated that when subjected to the same sound stimulus, the estimated CO 2 -driven increase in relative otolith mass results in an increased displacement amplitude compared with control otoliths (Fig.…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 94%

“…Alteration of otolith size, density, and mass has direct impacts on otolith mechanics and influences sensory function (27)(28)(29). To simulate the mechanics of CO 2 -altered otoliths, we applied the size and relative density data from sagittal otoliths in our experiment to a mathematical model of otolith motion in response to an 0.8-nm amplitude sinusoidal acoustic wave (27,28).…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The mathematical model adapted to simulate otolith displacement is based on an elliptical otolith oscillating in response to a plane sinusoidal wave (27,28). Otolith displacement, Δ x , relative to the closely associated bed of sensory hair cells (macula) is described by…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Ocean acidification alters the otoliths of a pantropical fish species with implications for sensory function

Bignami¹,

Enochs

Manzello

et al. 2013

Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A.

125

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Ocean acidification affects a wide diversity of marine organisms and is of particular concern for vulnerable larval stages critical to population replenishment and connectivity. Whereas it is well known that ocean acidification will negatively affect a range of calcareous taxa, the study of fishes is more limited in both depth of understanding and diversity of study species. We used new 3D microcomputed tomography to conduct in situ analysis of the impact of ocean acidification on otolith (ear stone) size and density of larval cobia (Rachycentron canadum), a large, economically important, pantropical fish species that shares many life history traits with a diversity of high-value, tropical pelagic fishes. We show that 2,100 μatm partial pressure of carbon dioxide (pCO 2 ) significantly increased not only otolith size (up to 49% greater volume and 58% greater relative mass) but also otolith density (6% higher). Estimated relative mass in 800 μatm pCO 2 treatments was 14% greater, and there was a similar but nonsignificant trend for otolith size. Using a modeling approach, we demonstrate that these changes could affect auditory sensitivity including a ∼50% increase in hearing range at 2,100 μatm pCO 2 , which may alter the perception of auditory information by larval cobia in a high-CO 2 ocean. Our results indicate that ocean acidification has a graded effect on cobia otoliths, with the potential to substantially influence the dispersal, survival, and recruitment of a pelagic fish species. These results have important implications for population maintenance/replenishment, connectivity, and conservation efforts for other valuable fish stocks that are already being deleteriously impacted by overfishing. P resent day atmospheric CO 2 concentration is higher than at any point in the past 800,000 y (1), driving unprecedented anthropogenic ocean acidification in pelagic (2) and coastal environments (3). Future climate scenarios project further decline in ocean pH (4-6) at a rate of change faster than any experienced in the last 300 million years (7). Although ocean acidification is known to influence a diversity of marine organisms (8), it is a particular concern for vulnerable larval stages critical to population replenishment and connectivity (9). Recently, the impact of ocean acidification on the larval stages of invertebrate and vertebrate marine species has attracted increased attention; however, experiments on larval fishes raised under projected ocean acidification scenarios have produced mixed results (10, 11). The days-to month-long pelagic larval period is an ecologically vital ontogenetic phase in marine fishes because it constitutes the primary mode of dispersal in many species (9) and represents the life stage most susceptible to mortality (12). During this phase, the sensory abilities of larval fishes are important determinants of survival (13) and ultimately influence the persistence of viable populations. Therefore, the study of ocean acidification impacts on sensory function in fishes is of critical imp...

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Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 94%

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Ocean acidification alters the otoliths of a pantropical fish species with implications for sensory function

Bignami¹,

Enochs

Manzello

et al. 2013

Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A.

125

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

show abstract

“…Breuker & Brakefield 2002;Bergstrom & Reimchen 2003;Cornelissen & Stiling 2005), few studies have examined the potential functional costs of asymmetry and whether asymmetry influences dispersal and recruitment processes (but see Matessi 1997;Breuker et al 2007). Previous studies on asymmetry within fishes indicate that bilateral differences in otolith mass can trigger abnormal swimming behaviour ('motion sickness'; Helling et al 2003) and interfere with correct sound localization (Lychakov & Rebane 2005), reducing an individual's ability to interact with its environment by compromising its performance. If variations in otolith size and shape do have a major bearing on an individual's ability to effectively detect sound (Popper & Lu 2000), what the present finding suggests is that asymmetrical otoliths may have a direct effect on the ability of P. amboinensis larvae to detect optimal reef habitats during the critical settlement phase of their lives.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…inter-saccular analyses; Edds-Walton & Fay 2002), and morphological differences between the right and left paired saccular otoliths can pose problems for sound localization due to incongruity in the movement of the right and left otolith within the saccule (cf. Lychakov & Rebane 2005). Hence, even a small degree of asymmetry in the shape of the otolith pair can cause significant differences in the acoustic functionality of young fishes, thereby potentially jeopardizing the successful recruitment of larvae to suitable benthic habitats.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Dispersal without errors: symmetrical ears tune into the right frequency for survival

et al. 2007

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Vertebrate animals localize sounds by comparing differences in the acoustic signal between the two ears and, accordingly, ear structures such as the otoliths of fishes are expected to develop symmetrically. Sound recently emerged as a leading candidate cue for reef fish larvae navigating from open waters back to the reef. Clearly, the integrity of the auditory organ has a direct bearing on what and how fish larvae hear. Yet, the link between otolith symmetry and effective navigation has never been investigated in fishes. We tested whether otolith asymmetry influenced the ability of returning larvae to detect and successfully recruit to favourable reef habitats. Our results suggest that larvae with asymmetrical otoliths not only encountered greater difficulties in detecting suitable settlement habitats, but may also suffer significantly higher rates of mortality. Further, we found that otolith asymmetries arising early in the embryonic stage were not corrected by any compensational growth mechanism during the larval stage. Because these errors persist and phenotypic selection penalizes asymmetrical individuals, asymmetry is likely to play an important role in shaping wild fish populations.

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Morphology of the utricular otolith organ in the toadfish, Opsanus tau

Boyle

Ehsanian

Mofrad

et al. 2018

J of Comparative Neurology

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The utricle provides the vestibular reflex pathways with the sensory codes of inertial acceleration of self-motion and head orientation with respect to gravity to control balance and equilibrium. Here we present an anatomical description of this structure in the adult oyster toadfish and establish a morphological basis for interpretation of subsequent functional studies. Light, scanning, and transmission electron microscopy techniques were applied to visualize the sensory epithelium at varying levels of detail, its neural innervation and its synaptic organization. Scanning electron microscopy was used to visualize otolith mass and morphological polarization patterns of hair cells. Afferent nerve fibers were visualized following labeling with biocytin, and light microscope images were used to make three-dimensional (3-D) reconstructions of individual labeled afferents to identify dendritic morphology with respect to epithelial location. Transmission electron micrographs were compiled to create a serial 3-D reconstruction of a labeled afferent over a segment of its dendritic field and to examine the cell-afferent synaptic contacts. Major observations are: a well-defined striola, medial and lateral extra-striolar regions with a zonal organization of hair bundles; prominent lacinia projecting laterally; dependence of hair cell density on macular location; narrow afferent dendritic fields that follow the hair bundle polarization; synaptic specializations issued by afferents are typically directed towards a limited number of 7-13 hair cells, but larger dendritic fields in the medial extra-striola can be associated with > 20 hair cells also; and hair cell synaptic bodies can be confined to only an individual afferent or can synapse upon several afferents.

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Fish otolith mass asymmetry: morphometry and influence on acoustic functionality

Cited by 75 publications

References 30 publications

Ocean acidification alters the otoliths of a pantropical fish species with implications for sensory function

Ocean acidification alters the otoliths of a pantropical fish species with implications for sensory function

Dispersal without errors: symmetrical ears tune into the right frequency for survival

Morphology of the utricular otolith organ in the toadfish, Opsanus tau

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