Fish Scales as Potential Substrate for Production of Alkaline Protease and Amino Acid Rich Aqua Hydrolyzate by Bacillus altitudinis GVC11

Harikrishna, N.; Mahalakshmi, S.; Kumar, Kiran; Reddy, Gopal

doi:10.1007/s12088-017-0664-2

“…Adaptive microbiota in scale-eating pupfish Fish scales are composed of a deep layer that is mostly collagen type I (Harikrishna et al 2017); therefore, we predicted that any adaptive microbes within the scale-eater gut would have collagen degrading properties. This includes Bacillus , Clostridium , andVibrio taxa, which are well-known for microbial collagenase enzymes (Duarte et al 2016).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Nonadaptive radiation of the gut microbiome in an adaptive radiation of Cyprinodon pupfishes with minor shifts for scale-eating

Heras

¹

,

Martin

²

2021

Preprint

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Adaptive radiations offer an excellent opportunity to understand the eco-evolutionary dynamics of gut microbiota and host niche specialization. In a laboratory common garden, we compared the gut microbiota of two novel trophic specialists, a scale-eater and a molluscivore, to a set of four outgroup generalist populations from which this adaptive radiation originated. We predicted an adaptive and highly divergent microbiome composition in the specialists matching their rapid rates of craniofacial diversification in the past 10 kya. We measured gut lengths and sequenced 16S rRNA amplicons of gut microbiomes from lab-reared fish fed the same high protein diet for one month. In contrast to our predictions, gut microbiota largely reflected 5 Mya phylogenetic divergence times among generalist populations in support of phylosymbiosis. However, we did find significant enrichment of Burkholderiaceae bacteria in both lab-reared scale-eater populations. These bacteria sometimes digest collagen, the major component of fish scales, supporting an adaptive shift. We also found some enrichment of Rhodobacteraceae and Planctomycetacia in lab-reared molluscivore populations, but these bacteria target cellulose. Minor shifts in gut microbiota appear adaptive for scale-eating in this radiation, whereas overall microbiome composition was phylogenetically conserved. This contrasts with predictions of adaptive radiation theory and observations of rapid diversification in all other trophic traits in these hosts, including craniofacial morphology, foraging behavior, aggression, and gene expression, suggesting that microbiome divergence proceeds as a nonadaptive radiation.

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“…Fish scales are composed of a surface layer containing hydroxyapatite, Calcium carbonate, and a deeper layer made up of mostly collagen type I (Harikrishna et al, 2017), approximately 80-98% (Abdullah, 2019). Similar to collagen is keratin, both are fibrous proteins highly found in the skin.…”

Section: Bwg and Fbwmentioning

confidence: 99%

Evaluation of the Performances and IOFCC of Broilers Fed the Whole, the Skinless, and the Skin of Leubim Fish Waste Meals Based Partial Replacement Feed of Commercial Diets

Zulfan¹,

Daud²,

Fitri³

et al. 2021

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This study aimed to evaluate the performances of broilers fed the commercial diet CP511 (CCP) partially substituted with leubim fish waste meal (LFW) processed into different parts i.e. whole leubim fish waste meal (LFWW), skinless leubim fish meal (LFM‒S), and leubim fish waste skin meal (LFWS), each mixed with yellow corn (YC) and top mix (TM). This research was conducted at the Field Laboratory of Animal Husbandry (LLP), Syiah Kuala University from March 17 to April 21, 2021. This study used 100 DOC broiler chickens strain CP 707 and commercial local fish meal (CFM). The study used a completely randomized design (CRD) consisting of 5 treatments and 4 replications. The treatment was CCP= 100% CP511 (control+) and the CCP replaced with: CFM (control-), LFWW, LFM‒S, and LFWS with the equal amount of 8% each and the addition of 8% YC + 0.5% TM each. The results showed that although statistically no significant differences (P>0.05), the inclusion of LFW meals in the form of LFWW, LFM‒S, or LFWS plus YC + TM each to substitute partially CCP tended to have higher body weight gain (BWG), final body weight (FBW), feed intake, and better feed conversion ratio (FCR), and protein efficiency ratio (PER), while protein intake (PI) significantly increased (P<0.05). The inclusion of LFW-based diets reduced feed cost and increased income over feed & chick cost (IOFCC). The LFW‒S diet did not result in better broiler performances than the LFWW diet. In conclusion, LFW meals processed as a whole, without the skin, and the only skin added with yellow corn and top mix as a partial replacement for the commercial diet increased BWG, FBW, PI, FI, and improved FCR, reduced feed cost, and generated better profit. It was suggested not to dispose of the skin out of the waste since the whole leubim fish waste meal carried out more advantages.

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“…Fish scales are composed of a deep layer that is mostly collagen type I (Harikrishna et al 2017); therefore, we predicted that any adaptive microbes within the scale-eater gut would have collagen degrading properties. This includes Bacillus, Clostridium, and Vibrio taxa, which are well-known for microbial collagenase enzymes (Duarte et al 2016).…”

Section: Adaptive Microbiota In Scale-eating Pupfishmentioning

confidence: 99%

Nonadaptive radiation of the gut microbiome in an adaptive radiation ofCyprinodonpupfishes with minor shifts for scale-eating

Heras

¹

,

Martin

²

2021

Preprint

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

Adaptive radiations offer an excellent opportunity to understand the eco-evolutionary dynamics of gut microbiota and host niche specialization. In a laboratory common garden, we compared the gut microbiota of two novel trophic specialists, a scale-eater and a molluscivore, to a set of four outgroup generalist populations from which this adaptive radiation originated. We predicted an adaptive and highly divergent microbiome composition in the specialists matching their rapid rates of craniofacial diversification in the past 10 kya. We measured gut lengths and sequenced 16S rRNA amplicons of gut microbiomes from lab-reared fish fed the same high protein diet for one month. In contrast to our predictions, gut microbiota largely reflected 5 Mya phylogenetic divergence times among generalist populations in support of phylosymbiosis. However, we did find significant enrichment of Burkholderiaceae bacteria in both lab-reared scale-eater populations. These bacteria sometimes digest collagen, the major component of fish scales, supporting an adaptive shift. We also found some enrichment of Rhodobacteraceae and Planctomycetacia in lab-reared molluscivore populations, but these bacteria target cellulose. Minor shifts in gut microbiota appear adaptive for scale-eating in this radiation, whereas overall microbiome composition was phylogenetically conserved. This contrasts with predictions of adaptive radiation theory and observations of rapid diversification in all other trophic traits in these hosts, including craniofacial morphology, foraging behavior, aggression, and gene expression, suggesting that microbiome divergence proceeds as a nonadaptive radiation.

show abstract

Fish Scales as Potential Substrate for Production of Alkaline Protease and Amino Acid Rich Aqua Hydrolyzate by Bacillus altitudinis GVC11

Cited by 32 publications

References 16 publications

Nonadaptive radiation of the gut microbiome in an adaptive radiation of Cyprinodon pupfishes with minor shifts for scale-eating

Nonadaptive radiation of the gut microbiome in an adaptive radiation of Cyprinodon pupfishes with minor shifts for scale-eating

Evaluation of the Performances and IOFCC of Broilers Fed the Whole, the Skinless, and the Skin of Leubim Fish Waste Meals Based Partial Replacement Feed of Commercial Diets

Nonadaptive radiation of the gut microbiome in an adaptive radiation ofCyprinodonpupfishes with minor shifts for scale-eating

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