Fish welfare based classification method of ocean current speeds at aquaculture sites

Jónsdóttir, Kristbjörg Edda; Hvas, Malthe; Alfredsen, Jo Arve; Føre, Martin; Alver, Morten Omholt; Bjelland, Hans Vanhauwaert; Oppedal, Frode

doi:10.3354/aei00310

Cited by 29 publications

(27 citation statements)

References 38 publications

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“…In a recent study, ocean current data were collected using acoustic Doppler current profilers at five exposed sites along the Norwegian coast over a minimum period of 5 months (Jónsdóttir et al . 2019). At the most exposed location surveyed, peak current speeds were 113 cm s −1 , and periods of up to 5 h with current speeds above 60 cm s −1 were observed.…”

Section: Site Surveysmentioning

confidence: 99%

Fish welfare in offshore salmon aquaculture

Hvas

Folkedal

Oppedal

2020

Reviews in Aquaculture

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To accommodate further growth in the Atlantic salmon aquaculture industry, new production sites may well be established at more exposed locations along the coast or even offshore. Here, fish will encounter strong currents and powerful waves, which are avoided at traditional sheltered locations. Exposed locations offer several advantages and necessitate new technological advancements. However, the most crucial question is whether Atlantic salmon are able to thrive in these more extreme environments. In this review, we describe how strong water currents affect the physiology, behaviour and ultimately the welfare of the fish. If ambient current speeds exceed swimming capacities, fish become fatigued and get stuck on the cage wall leading to unacceptable welfare. The swimming capacity will depend on both the magnitude and duration of the current speeds encountered. Moreover, several environmental and biological factors modulate swimming capabilities, where temperature, body size and health status are particularly important to consider. A series of empirical studies are subsequently used to formulate welfare guidelines with regard to biological limits in exposed aquaculture. In addition, owing to the growing popularity of cleaner fish in salmon aquaculture, we also evaluate their usefulness at exposed sites. Overall, Atlantic salmon is a powerful sustained swimmer, and based on available site surveys of ocean currents, we conclude that the prospects for responsible farming at exposed sites looks promising. However, cleaner fish species such as lumpfish and ballan wrasse are poor swimmers and are therefore not recommended for deployment at exposed sites.

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Section: Site Surveysmentioning

confidence: 99%

Fish welfare in offshore salmon aquaculture

Hvas

Folkedal

Oppedal

2020

Reviews in Aquaculture

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“…Water temperature is critical for evaluating optimal growth ranges, approximate harvest times, and potential thermal stress thresholds for finfish, shellfish, and macroalgae aquaculture (Gentry et al, 2017). Oceanographic current speed is important to consider when siting aquaculture as well, and is useful for understanding shellfish food availability, equipment limitations, and fish welfare (Ferreira et al, 2007;Huang et al, 2008;Jónsdóttir et al, 2019).…”

Section: Case Study 2: Incremental Spatial Autocorrelation Analysis Wmentioning

confidence: 99%

Applications of Spatial Autocorrelation Analyses for Marine Aquaculture Siting

et al. 2020

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Interest and growth in marine aquaculture are increasing around the world, and with it, advanced spatial planning approaches are needed to find suitable locations in an increasingly crowded ocean. Standard spatial planning approaches, such as a Multi-Criteria Decision Analysis (MCDA), may be challenging and time consuming to interpret in heavily utilized ocean spaces. Spatial autocorrelation, a statistical measure of spatial dependence, may be incorporated into the planning framework, which provides objectivity and assistance with the interpretation of spatial analysis results. Here, two case studies highlighting applications of spatial autocorrelation analyses in the northeast region of the United States of America are presented. The first case study demonstrates the use of a local indicator of spatial association analysis within a relative site suitability analysis-a variant of a MCDA-for siting a mussel longline farm. This case study statistically identified 17% of the area as highly suitable for a mussel longline farm, relative to other locations in the area of interest. The use of a clear, objective, and efficient analysis provides improved confidence for industry, coastal managers, and stakeholders planning marine aquaculture. The second case study presents an incremental spatial autocorrelation analysis with Moran's I that is performed on modeled and remotely sensed oceanographic data sets (e.g., chlorophyll a, sea surface temperature, and current speed). The results are used to establish a maximum area threshold for each oceanographic variable within the online decision support tool, OceanReports, which performs an automated spatial analysis for a user-selected area (i.e., drawn polygon) of ocean space. These thresholds provide users guidance and summary statistics of relevant oceanographic information for aquaculture planning. These two case studies highlight practical uses and the value of spatial autocorrelation analyses to improve the siting process for marine aquaculture.

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“…Once angles α and β are found using either (14) and (7) or (16) and 7, the unknown speed v s of the acoustic transmitter can be calculated using (3) in terms of α: (17) or in terms of β:…”

Section: B Speed Computation Algorithmmentioning

confidence: 99%

A New Method for Measuring Free-Ranging Fish Swimming Speed in Commercial Marine Farms Using Doppler Principle

Hassan¹,

Føre²,

Pedersen³

et al. 2020

IEEE Sensors J.

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A novel Doppler shift based technique for measurement of free-swimming fish speed in marine farms using acoustic telemetry tags was developed and evaluated in this study. The proposed method can potentially augment current telemetry systems with a new biologically relevant measurement without significantly changing the size and energy constrained tag-side of the telemetry systems. For speeds in the range of 20cm s −1-110cm s −1 an overall relative rms error of less than 10% in measured speed based on the proposed Doppler method was achieved in the tests conducted at a fully stocked commercial fish cage, with an rms error of 7.85cm s −1 (std. dev. 7.5cm s −1). The study thus demonstrates the feasibility of measuring the swimming speeds of individual free-ranging fish using this method.

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Fish welfare based classification method of ocean current speeds at aquaculture sites

Cited by 29 publications

References 38 publications

Fish welfare in offshore salmon aquaculture

Fish welfare in offshore salmon aquaculture

Applications of Spatial Autocorrelation Analyses for Marine Aquaculture Siting

A New Method for Measuring Free-Ranging Fish Swimming Speed in Commercial Marine Farms Using Doppler Principle

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