- Fisheries Bycatch of Marine Turtles: Lessons Learned from Decades of Research and Conservation

Wyneken, Jeanette; Lohmann, Kenneth J.; Musick, John A.

doi:10.1201/b13895-17

Cited by 22 publications

(38 citation statements)

References 30 publications

(38 reference statements)

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“…Unfortunately, no information exists on helminth community of hawksbill turtle at both hierarchical levels of organization (the component community and infracommunity), and the known data is fragmented and based on occasional findings of stranded individuals (Oguro, 1936;Chattopadhyaya, 1972;Fischthal & Acholonu, 1976;Dyer et al, 1995;Werneck et al, 2008;Greiner, 2013). Greiner (2013) suggested that the low number and diversity of digeneans found in hawksbill turtle from Florida (only six digeneans and a larval cestode species from four individual turtles with the number of helminth species ranging from 2 to 4) might reflect its specialized feeding habit (mainly sponges) which would limit the potential ingestion of mollusks serving as intermediate hosts for digeneans.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Tissue samples from all examined organs were fixed in 10 % neutral buffered formalin, embedded in paraffin, sectioned at 6 µm, and stained with haematoxylin and eosin. Finally, since most of helminths of sea turtles are transmitted through the trophic chain (Santoro & Mattiucci, 2009;Greiner, 2013), stomach contents were classified by stereomicroscope observation (Casale et al, 2008).…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…In the Pacific, it uses neritic habitats at >30 cm curved carapace length in close association with hard substrate communities such as coral reefs, where feed primarily on sponges (Jones & Seminoff, 2013). The knowledge about the helminth fauna of hawksbill turtles includes at least 50 species of digeneans and a single larval cestode, most of which are reported from the Caribbean sea and the coasts of Atlantic and Asiatic regions (Oguro, 1936;Chattopadhyaya, 1972;Fischthal & Acholonu, 1976;Dyer et al, 1995;Werneck et al, 2008Werneck et al, , 2014Greiner, 2013). In contrast, few data exist from hawksbill turtle of the Eastern Pacific; to our knowledge only two helminth species including Orchidasma amphiorchis and Pleurogonius linearis have been reported from the Pacific coast of Mexico (Caballero & Zerecero, 1950).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Helminths of hawksbill turtle (Eretmochelys imbricata) from the Pacific coast of Costa Rica

et al. 2015

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SummaryParasitological examination of a stranded hawksbill turtle (Eretmochelys imbricata) from Pacific coast of Costa Rica revealed the presence of a rich digenean fauna including Carettacola stunkardi (Spirorchiidae), Enodiotrema reductum (Plagiorchiidae), Cricocephalus albus, Adenogaster serialis, Epibathra crassa, Pleurogonius lobatus, P. trigonocephalus, P. linearis, and Pyelosomum posterorchis (Pronocephalidae). All helminths except C. albus and P. lobatus represent new geographical records for Costa Rica. Carettacola stunkardi is reported for first time in an Eastern Pacific hawksbill turtle and its pathological changes are here described. Histologically, nodular lesions on the serosal surface of intestine revealed a mixed infiltrate of heterophils, lymphocytes, and histiocytes within necrotic debris. Granulomas with spirorchiid eggs were observed in the mucosa, sub-mucosa and muscular layers of stomach and intestine, gallbladder and liver.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Helminths of hawksbill turtle (Eretmochelys imbricata) from the Pacific coast of Costa Rica

et al. 2015

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“…In lieu of definitive evidence, the assumed primary route of ova elimination from the host is via the gastrointestinal tract, and spirorchiid ova can indeed be recovered from faeces (Greiner, 2013). If this were to be true for all species, it would be expected that T-RFLP would detect each within gastrointestinal samples, and that these samples would be among the highest in terms of average numbers of species detected.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Blood flukes of the family Spirorchiidae are parasites commonly found in endangered green sea turtles (Chelonia mydas) from all the major ocean regions (Greiner, 2013;Smith, 1997a, b). They are associated with a range of pathologies, and are thought to be a factor in strandings and mortalities worldwide (Aguirre et al, 1998;Flint et al, 2010;Gordon et al, 1998;Santoro et al, 2007;Stacy et al, 2010a).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Diversity, impacts and diagnosis of pathogenic parasites in sea turtles from Queensland, Australia

Chapman¹

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Parasitism is a significant cause of stranding and mortality in endangered sea turtles. Two parasites in particular (or groups thereof) have been noted for their impacts on green sea turtle populations. The first are the spirorchiid blood flukes, which inhabit the circulatory systems of their host. The second is the eimeriid coccidian Caryospora cheloniae, a systemic parasite affecting a number of organs. Diversity among these organisms is poorly explored, and is almost certainly greater than currently recognised. The parasites and their associated diseases fluctuate both temporally and spatially in terms of prevalence and severity, however, the factors driving these fluctuations are poorly understood. A variety of questions remain unanswered in terms of the epidemiology and relative pathogenicity of the different parasite species. Of particular interest are brain lesions, which have been associated with both parasites and in some cases lead to neurological deficiency and subsequent mortality. Difficulties in finding answers to these questions is compounded by a lack of reliable, fast and quantitative ante-and post-mortem diagnostic tools for either parasite, which restricts their investigation.In order to catalogue local species and assess diversity, adult spirorchiid flukes were collected during post-mortem examination of deceased sea turtles and characterised by molecular and morphological means. Eleven distinct species or genotypes were identified, comprising a mix of previously described and novel species or variants. Samples were also collected from green sea turtles that died during a coccidiosis related mass mortality event in south east Queensland and northern New South Wales. While only one species of coccidian (C. cheloniae) had been previously described, molecular characterisation of the organism implicated in the outbreak revealed two distinct coccidian genotypes, which has significant implications for diagnosis and management.Spirorchiid ova have been associated with granulomatous lesions in a wide range of host tissues. However, it has not been possible to identify spirorchiids beyond the genus level based on morphology, which has frustrated any attempts to identify the species or variants responsible for severe lesions. In this thesis, a molecular approach was used and a terminal restriction fragment length polymorphism (T-RFLP) assay was developed to detect and identify individual species within the often mixed assemblages of ova in turtle tissues. This assay proved to be a more specific and sensitive alternative to traditional iii microscopic detection methods. Through correlation with histopathology and gross pathology, the tissue tropisms, relative occurrence and pathogenicity of each species were investigated. The most common species (Neospirorchis Genotype 2) was found in 96% of samples, encompassing tissues from all organs sampled. On average, a greater number of spirorchiid species were detected in tissues where lesions were present, and numbers increased along with the severity o...

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Epidemiology of Sulcascaris sulcata (Nematoda: Anisakidae) ulcerous gastritis in the Mediterranean loggerhead sea turtle (Caretta caretta)

et al. 2019

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- Fisheries Bycatch of Marine Turtles: Lessons Learned from Decades of Research and Conservation

Cited by 22 publications

References 30 publications

Helminths of hawksbill turtle (Eretmochelys imbricata) from the Pacific coast of Costa Rica

Helminths of hawksbill turtle (Eretmochelys imbricata) from the Pacific coast of Costa Rica

Diversity, impacts and diagnosis of pathogenic parasites in sea turtles from Queensland, Australia

Epidemiology of Sulcascaris sulcata (Nematoda: Anisakidae) ulcerous gastritis in the Mediterranean loggerhead sea turtle (Caretta caretta)

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