Fisheries rely on threatened salt marshes

Baker, Ronald J.; Taylor, Matthew D.; Able, Kenneth W.; Beck, Michael W.; Cebrián, Just; Colombano, Denise D.; Connolly, Rod M.; Currin, Carolyn A.; Deegan, Linda A.; Feller, Ilka C.; Gilby, Ben L.; Kimball, Matthew E.; Minello, Thomas J.; Rozas, Lawrence P.; Simenstad, Charles A.; Turner, R. Eugene; Waltham, Nathan J.; Weinstein, Michael P.; Ziegler, Shelby L.; Ermgassen, Philine S. E. zu; Alcott, Caitlin; Alford, Scott B.; Barbeau, Myriam A.; Crosby, Sarah C.; Dodds, Kate; Frank, Alyssa; Goeke, Janelle A.; Gaines, Lucy A. Goodridge; Hardcastle, Felicity E.; Henderson, Christopher; James, William R.; Kenworthy, Matthew D.; Lesser, Justin S.; Mallick, Debbrota; Martin, Charles W.; McDonald, Ashley E.; McLuckie, Catherine; Morrison, Blair H.; Nelson, James A.; Norris, Gregory S.; Ollerhead, Jeff; Pahl, James W.; Ramsden, Sarah; Rehage, Jennifer S.; Reinhardt, James F.; Rezek, Ryan J.; Risse, L. Mark; Smith, Joseph A.; Sparks, Eric; Staver, Lorie W.

doi:10.1126/science.abe9332

Cited by 43 publications

(20 citation statements)

References 12 publications

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“…This has indeed been observed (e.g. 44 , 45 ), particularly in equatorial regions where a year-round risk of coronavirus infection is present ( 44 ; Fig. 4 ), albeit with consistently lower mortality, due probably to the combined effect of the high and almost constant amount of UV-B/A radiation administered by the Sun over time, and the increased optical depth due to high humidity.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 62%

“…However, whether these factors, either independently or combined together, are able to directly modulate the geographical pandemics development of the ongoing SARS-CoV-2 infection is still debated (e.g. 45 , 46 , but see also 22 , 33 – 39 ). Yet, the available data on SARS-CoV-2 contagions show indisputably that the ongoing pandemic has a lower impact during summer time and in countries with a high solar illumination (e.g.…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Solar UV-B/A radiation is highly effective in inactivating SARS-CoV-2

Nicastro

Sironi

Antonello

et al. 2021

Sci Rep

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Solar UV-C photons do not reach Earth’s surface, but are known to be endowed with germicidal properties that are also effective on viruses. The effect of softer UV-B and UV-A photons, which copiously reach the Earth’s surface, on viruses are instead little studied, particularly on single-stranded RNA viruses. Here we combine our measurements of the action spectrum of Covid-19 in response to UV light, Solar irradiation measurements on Earth during the SARS-CoV-2 pandemics, worldwide recorded Covid-19 mortality data and our “Solar-Pump” diffusive model of epidemics to show that (a) UV-B/A photons have a powerful virucidal effect on the single-stranded RNA virus Covid-19 and that (b) the Solar radiation that reaches temperate regions of the Earth at noon during summers, is sufficient to inactivate 63% of virions in open-space concentrations (1.5 × 103 TCID50/mL, higher than typical aerosol) in less than 2 min. We conclude that the characteristic seasonality imprint displayed world-wide by the SARS-Cov-2 mortality time-series throughout the diffusion of the outbreak (with temperate regions showing clear seasonal trends and equatorial regions suffering, on average, a systematically lower mortality), might have been efficiently set by the different intensity of UV-B/A Solar radiation hitting different Earth’s locations at different times of the year. Our results suggest that Solar UV-B/A play an important role in planning strategies of confinement of the epidemics, which should be worked out and set up during spring/summer months and fully implemented during low-solar-irradiation periods.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 62%

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Solar UV-B/A radiation is highly effective in inactivating SARS-CoV-2

Nicastro

Sironi

Antonello

et al. 2021

Sci Rep

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“…Secondary production of fish and invertebrates in nearshore habitats indicates process-based ecosystem function and health and thus serves as a composite metric for evaluating the performance of remnant and restored marshes (Weinstein et al 2014;Weinstein and Litvin 2016;Layman and Rypel 2020). Assessing tidal marsh ecosystem function and health using secondary production is becoming increasingly important given the potentially dire effects of climate change and sea level rise on tidal marsh habitats, food webs, and fisheries support (Colombano et al 2021;Baker et al 2020).…”

Section: Secondary Production As a Management Targetmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Estuarine and coastal tidal marshes are among the most productive ecosystems in the world but are increasingly threatened by anthropogenic activities (Baker et al 2020;Gilby et al 2020). In the San Francisco Estuary, California (hereafter, "SFE"), widespread diking and draining during the nineteenth and twentieth centuries resulted in a 90-95% reduction in tidal marsh habitat area (Nichols et al 1986).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Complex Tidal Marsh Dynamics Structure Fish Foraging Patterns in the San Francisco Estuary

Colombano

Handley²,

O’Rear

et al. 2021

Estuaries and Coasts

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Mechanisms driving the consumption and transport of tidal marsh nutrients and energy by fishes are of key interest in the San Francisco Estuary, CA, USA. By combining multiple data sources (gill-net catches, gut contents, channel morphology, tides), we modeled spatial and temporal patterns of fish abundance and gut fullness across a tidal marsh elevation gradient. Channel depth, microhabitat, and tide were important predictors of fish abundance and gut fullness. Species, feeding guild, and season were also important to fish abundance but not to gut fullness, suggesting that abundance was more related to physical constraints of shallow water than to prey availability. Multiple feeding guilds overlapped in space and time at interaction hotspots in subtidal channel habitat near the marsh entrance. In contrast, fish use of shallow intertidal marsh channels was more variable and indicated tradeoffs between foraging and predation. Gut content analysis revealed moderate-to-high gut fullness for all feeding guilds and models predicted high gut fullness in subtidal reaches during tidal flooding, after which fish fed intensively throughout the marsh. While mysids, amphipods, and detritus were common prey among feeding guilds, variation in prey consumption was apparent. Overall, complex tidal marsh hydrogeomorphology driving land-water exchange and residence time may diversify and enhance benthic and pelagic food web pathways to fishes and invertebrates. Furthermore, these findings substantiate the notion that dynamic tidal marshes in this system can support robust secondary production, foraging by multiple feeding guilds, and trophic transfer by fishes to the estuarine mosaic.

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“…Over 87 days, approximately 4.9 million barrels of oil ( McNutt et al, 2012 ) ultimately covered an estimated 180,000 km 2 of Gulf waters and over 1,100 km of coastal wetlands with ∼95% of these being in Louisiana ( Mitra et al, 2012 ; Michel et al, 2013 ; Nixon et al, 2016 ). The spill predominantly impacted salt marshes in nearshore areas, with significant economic implications given they serve as key habitats for the young of many commercial and recreational fishery species ( Peterson & Turner, 1994 ; Lellis-Dibble, McGlynn & Bigford, 2008 ; Rozas, Martin & Valentine, 2013 ; Baker et al, 2020 ). To date, field assessments of coastal fish populations and communities have shown resistance and resilience to, and in some cases rapid recovery from, the toxic effects of oil ( Moody, Cebrian & Heck, 2013 ; Fodrie et al, 2014 ; Able et al, 2015 ; Schaefer, Frazier & Barr, 2016 ).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Previous oil exposure alters Gulf KillifishFundulus grandisoil avoidance behavior

Martin

McDonald

Rieucau

et al. 2020

PeerJ

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Oil spills threaten the structure and function of ecological communities. The Deepwater Horizon spill was predicted to have catastrophic consequences for nearshore fishes, but field studies indicate resilience in populations and communities. Previous research indicates many marsh fishes exhibit avoidance of oil contaminated areas, representing one potential mechanism for this resilience. Here, we test whether prior oil exposure of Gulf killifish Fundulus grandis alters this avoidance response. Using choice tests between unoiled and oiled sediments at one of three randomized concentrations (low: 0.1 L oil m−2, medium: 0.5 L oil m−2, or high: 3.0 L oil m−2), we found that, even at low prior exposure levels, killifish lose recognition of oiled sediments compared to control, unexposed fish. Preference for unoiled sediments was absent across all oil concentrations after oil exposure, and some evidence for preference of oiled sediments at high exposure was demonstrated. These results highlight the lack of response to toxic environments in exposed individuals, indicating altered behavior despite organism survival. Future research should document additional sublethal consequences that affect ecosystem and food web functioning.

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Fisheries rely on threatened salt marshes

Cited by 43 publications

References 12 publications

Solar UV-B/A radiation is highly effective in inactivating SARS-CoV-2

Solar UV-B/A radiation is highly effective in inactivating SARS-CoV-2

Complex Tidal Marsh Dynamics Structure Fish Foraging Patterns in the San Francisco Estuary

Previous oil exposure alters Gulf KillifishFundulus grandisoil avoidance behavior

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