“…Ten studies [9,14,16,21,22,25,27,31,38,41] were included to assess the association between COPD and risk of pulmonary complications, as bronchopleural fistula (BPF), pneumonia, prolonged air leakage, prolonged mechanical ventilation, and empyema in patients undergoing lung cancer surgery. Eight studies [9,14,16,21,22,25,27,31] reported a frequency of BPF; 5 [9,16,22,38,41] reported pneumonia; 3 [16,38,41] reported prolonged air leakage; 3 [9,16,22] reported prolonged mechanical ventilation; 3 [9,22,38] reported empyema.…”