Fitness Cost and Competitive Ability to Different Ploidy Levels in Ryegrass Genotypes

Schmitz, Maicon Fernando; Cechin, Joanei; Henckes, Jonas Rodrigo; Piasecki, Cristiano; Agostinetto, Dirceu; Várgas, Leandro

doi:10.1590/s0100-83582019370100115

Cited by 4 publications

(4 citation statements)

References 21 publications

(29 reference statements)

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“…The lower height of the wild poinsettia R plants in stages of advanced vegetative development can obstruct pollination, since in this weed, pollination is mainly done by insects [23]; thus, it is possible that R plants may produce fewer seeds per plant than S plants. Additionally, taller plants better intercept solar radiation [24], and at the same time shade smaller plants [25]. Reduction in plant height as a pleiotropic effect of herbicide resistance was also reported in glyphosate-resistant Lolium perenne L. [26] and atrazine-resistant Brachypodium hybridum Catalan, Joch.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 73%

“…However, it cannot state that this leaf shape is a trait associated with the fitness cost or with resistance to imazamox, since the wild poinsettia presents foliar polymorphism, regardless of the growing conditions, being the characteristic linked to its scientific name (E. heterophylla). In the absence of herbicide selection pressure, decreasing the amount of a photosynthetically active area per unit of plant mass may decrease carbon assimilation [24]. In contrast, species with a higher leaf area (up to an optimum leaf area) tend to be more successful in competition and interception for light and carbon assimilation [28].…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Fitness Cost of Imazamox Resistance in Wild Poinsettia (Euphorbia heterophylla L.)

Hassanpour-bourkheili

Heravi

Gherekhloo

et al. 2020

Agronomy

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Wild poinsettia (Euphorbia heterophylla L.) is a difficult-to-control weed in soybean production in Brazil that has developed resistance to herbicides, including acetolactate synthase inhibitors. We investigated the potential fitness cost associated to the Ser-653-Asn mutation that confers imazamox resistance in this weed. Plant height, leaf and stem dry weight, leaf area and seed production per plant as well as the growth indices of specific leaf area, leaf area ratio, relative growth rate and net assimilation in F2 homozygous resistant (R) and susceptible (S) wild poinsettia progenies were pairwise compared. S plants were superior in most of the traits studied. Plant heights for S and R biotypes, recorded at 95 days after planting (DAP), were 137 and 120 cm, respectively. Leaf areas were 742 and 1048 cm2 in the R and S biotypes, respectively. The dry weights of leaves and stems in the S plants were 30 and 35%, respectively, higher than in the R plants. In both biotypes, the leaves had a greater share in dry weight at early development stages, but from 50 DAP, the stem became the main contributor to the dry weight of the shoots. The R biotype produced 110 ± 4 seed plant−1, i.e., 12 ± 3% less seeds per plant than that of the S one (125 ± 7 seed plant−1). The growth indices leaf area ratio and specific leaf area were generally higher in the S biotype or similar between both biotypes; while the relative growth rate and net assimilation rate were punctually superior in the R biotype. These results demonstrate that the Ser-653-Asn mutation imposed a fitness cost in imazamox R wild poinsettia.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 73%

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Fitness Cost of Imazamox Resistance in Wild Poinsettia (Euphorbia heterophylla L.)

Hassanpour-bourkheili

Heravi

Gherekhloo

et al. 2020

Agronomy

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“…Lower Italian ryegrass development caused by competition can significantly reduce the number of tillers, reducing seed inputs into the soil. In a crop–weed competition free environment, one plant of Italian ryegrass can produce more than 40 tillers and shed up to 10,500 viable seeds (Schmitz et al., 2019), highlighting the role of cover crops as a tool to reduce the seeds inputs into the soil. Cereal rye, common vetch, feral radish, and black oat strongly reduced the Italian ryegrass soil seed bank, reducing more than 95% of weed infestations due to lower development and seed inputs into the soil (Figures 2 and 3).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Winter cover crops reduce the soil seed bank and infestations of Italian ryegrass in no‐tillage system

et al. 2021

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Italian ryegrass (Lolium perenne spp. multiflorum Lam.) is a troublesome weed commonly found in winter cereals. Winter cover crops represent an alternative for weed suppression, reducing weed soil seed banks, and future infestations. The aim of this study was to evaluate the suppression of winter cover crops on reducing the soil seed bank and infestations of Italian ryegrass in fields managed under no‐tillage system. Field experiment was carried out during three consecutive years, in a strip‐plot design with four blocks, containing the winter cover crops. Wheat (Triticum aestivum), canola (Brassica napus), barley (Hordeum vulgare), common vetch (Vicia sativa), cereal rye (Secale cereale), feral radish (Raphanus sativus), and black oat (Avena strigosa) were sown in each strip (block) under no‐tillage system and compared with weedy fallow. Seed bank was quantified at 0.0‐ to 0.05‐ and 0.05‐ to 0.10‐m depths, whereas Italian ryegrass infestations were measured with a sample frame of 0.0625 m2. Greater suppression and lower soil seed bank were reported in plots managed with cereal rye, common vetch, black oat, and feral radish, reducing up to 80% in the first year, and up to 96% after 3 yr of continuous management in comparison to weedy fallow. Italian ryegrass infestations increased four‐ to six‐fold when managed with canola. High suppressor potential of Italian ryegrass occurred for cover crops with biomass dry accumulation greater than 8.7 tons ha−1, especially to plants with a height upper to 1 m, plant characteristics essential to reduce strongly Italian ryegrass infestations and ensure weed‐free fields throughout the time.

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“…For the tetraploid Italian ryegrass, polyploidy induction increased the palatability and forage digestibility as result of the greater amount of soluble sugars and lower stem/leaf ratio (Nair 2004). Furthermore, tetraploid plants have faster initial growth rate, greater tillers number, higher forage production, and longer vegetative period compared to the diploid Italian ryegrass plants, important characteristics to growth and rapid establishment in agricultural systems (Tonetto et al 2011;Schmitz et al 2019).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

May the crossing between diploid and tetraploid Italian ryegrass transfer glyphosate resistance to the next generation?

et al. 2020

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Italian ryegrass (Lolium multiflorum Lam.) is a grass weed found in winter cereals, with several glyphosate-resistant diploid populations. Furthermore, the use of Italian ryegrass tetraploid genotypes creates an opportunity to increase the forage demand in replacement of diploid populations. The aim of this research was to evaluate the crossing capacity between glyphosate-resistant diploid and tetraploid Italian ryegrass to transfer glyphosate resistance to the next generation. Reciprocal crosses were performed using the susceptible tetraploid cultivar INIA Titan and resistant diploid (SVA04 biotype) plants to obtain the F1 progeny. Germination testing, survival percentage, inheritance of glyphosate-resistance, and ploidy level were evaluated in F1 progeny. Crossing of susceptible tetraploid plants ♂ and glyphosateresistant diploid ♀ affected the germination and exhibited 4.5% of triploid plants. F1 progeny from the glyphosate-resistant diploid ♂ and susceptible tetraploid ♀ did not show germination problems, but 46% of the plants died during the initial seedling stage. For this progeny, 10 and 25% of the seedlings were composed of triploid and pentaploid individuals, respectively. Crosses between susceptible tetraploid ♀ and resistant diploid ♂ did not transfer the glyphosateresistant for the plants. Susceptible tetraploid ♂ crossing with diploid resistant ♀ had a reduction of 47% the glyphosate-resistant plants compared to the homozygous glyphosateresistant progeny. Overall, tetraploid Italian ryegrass can be a safe tool to reduce and manage the increase of glyphosate-resistant diploid ryegrass in field conditions.

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Fitness Cost and Competitive Ability to Different Ploidy Levels in Ryegrass Genotypes

Cited by 4 publications

References 21 publications

Fitness Cost of Imazamox Resistance in Wild Poinsettia (Euphorbia heterophylla L.)

Fitness Cost of Imazamox Resistance in Wild Poinsettia (Euphorbia heterophylla L.)

Winter cover crops reduce the soil seed bank and infestations of Italian ryegrass in no‐tillage system

May the crossing between diploid and tetraploid Italian ryegrass transfer glyphosate resistance to the next generation?

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