Fitness Trade-Offs of Selenastrum Capricornutum Strains Selected for Rapid Growth on Copper-Spiked Solidified Nutrient Medium

Benjamin, Richard B.; Klaine, Stephen J.

doi:10.1897/1552-8618(1995)14[1789:ftoscs]2.0.co;2

Cited by 4 publications

(5 citation statements)

References 8 publications

(25 reference statements)

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“…Various test conditions, including light, temperature, nitrogen, and pH, have been evaluated using S. capricornutum , and light has been found to most affect the test results [63]. Benjamin and Klaine [64] as well as Behra et al [65] have noted that the algal strain selection for S. capricornutum can also significantly alter the outcome of algal toxicity tests.…”

Section: Phytotoxicitymentioning

confidence: 99%

Use of plants for toxicity assessment of estuarine ecosystems

Lytle

2001

Environmental Toxicology and Chemistry

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Abstract-Estuarine ecosystems are being rapidly degraded by environmental toxicants from municipal and industrial wastes, agricultural runoff, recreational boating, shipping, and coastal development, ranking them as the most anthropogenically degraded habitat types on earth. Toxicity tests are used to establish links between adverse ecological effects and the toxicity of environmental chemicals. However, most toxicity tests used for regulating the release of chemicals into the environment have used animals as test species, with the erroneous assumption that toxicant levels protective of fish or invertebrates are also protective of plants. Most plant toxicity tests have used terrestrial crop plants, whereas the few aquatic test species used have been primarily freshwater algae. Even though estuarine and marine vascular plants are highly vulnerable to environmental chemicals, phytotoxicity studies using native coastal plants have been limited, and no such studies are required for testing by regulating agencies. The relevance of toxicity tests of estuarine sediments and of wastes entering the estuary should depend on the use of estuarine and marine plant species. This review summarizes toxicity testing of marine plants used in biomonitoring, phytotoxicity, biotransformations of toxicants, bioaccumulation, and phytoremediation. Challenges to marine plant testing are discussed and include developing standard test protocols, identifying species with minimal salinity and toxicant interaction, defining and choosing a suitable sediment for sedimentbound toxicant testing, selecting endpoints with low variability, producing viable seeds, and culturing test plants. Progress in acquiring a suitable database is being made, but at a rate that is inadequate to create the sound, scientific foundation needed for safeguarding our estuarine ecosystems in the near future.

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Section: Phytotoxicitymentioning

confidence: 99%

Use of plants for toxicity assessment of estuarine ecosystems

Lytle

2001

Environmental Toxicology and Chemistry

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“…Data from static culture tests are a subset from a previously published study dealing with the resistance of S. capricornutum to copper; this study included a control (ancestral, non‐Cu 2+ resistant) cell strain that was acclimated to sublethal levels of Cu 2+ [19]. A nonstandard growth medium was used for these tests, but the benefits of analyzing four experiments replicated on separate dates was judged to outweigh this disadvantage.…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…We first reanalyzed published static algal culture data to test for statistically significant growth rate fluctuations and compared the magnitudes of systematic versus random sources of experimental variance. Data were from four replicated experiments performed in our laboratory during a 6‐week period [19]. Standing‐crop data (cell counts) for S. capricornutum in these experiments were collected at approximately 12‐h intervals, which permitted detection of nonuniform rates of population growth.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Algal growth rate fluctuations observed under uniform ambient test conditions using static and semicontinuous assay techniques

Benjamin¹,

Brown²,

Fraizer³

et al. 1998

Environmental Toxicology and Chemistry

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Abstract-A simple, manually diluted, semicontinuous, 96-h algal growth assay technique was developed to measure changing rates of population growth following sublethal chemical exposure. Rates were estimated directly from changing cell counts in a fixed volume of cell suspension. Short-term rate fluctuations in exponential rate parameters were observed in Selenastrum capricornutum populations using this method and similar fluctuations were also documented by reanalyzing conventional static culture assay data. Replicate cultures tended to fluctuate in unison, and patterns of population increase were similar in static assays initiated on different dates. The latter suggested that nonuniform rates of S. capricornutum population increase were not due simply to environmental variation. All populations were preacclimated to test conditions, but growth lags were consistently observed for 12-24 h following inoculation. Subsequent rate fluctuations probably resulted from a high degree of cell-cycle synchronization. Treating systematic rate fluctuations as random error lowered measurement precision, especially with respect to estimates of rate changes over time. Systematic variance may be difficult to eliminate in practice, but repeated-measures regression methods can account for this effect and substantially reduce rate parameter confidence intervals. Findings are expected to apply to endpoints such as dry weight, total cell volume, chlorophyll, or DNA.

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“…A continuous culture technique described and compared with batch culture techniques for S. capricornutum [59,60] is reputed to yield superior sensitivity and reproducibility in exposure tests. Benjamin and Klaine [64] as well as Behra et al [65] have noted that the algal strain selection for S. capricornutum can also significantly alter the outcome of algal toxicity tests. Various test conditions, including light, temperature, nitrogen, and pH, have been evaluated using S. capricornutum, and light has been found to most affect the test results [63].…”

Section: Algaementioning

confidence: 99%

Use of Plants for Toxicity Assessment of Estuarine Ecosystems

Lytle

2001

Environ Toxicol Chem

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Estuarine ecosystems are being rapidly degraded by environmental toxicants from municipal and industrial wastes, agricultural runoff, recreational boating, shipping, and coastal development, ranking them as the most anthropogenically degraded habitat types on earth. Toxicity tests are used to establish links between adverse ecological effects and the toxicity of environmental chemicals. However, most toxicity tests used for regulating the release of chemicals into the environment have used animals as test species, with the erroneous assumption that toxicant levels protective of fish or invertebrates are also protective of plants. Most plant toxicity tests have used terrestrial crop plants, whereas the few aquatic test species used have been primarily freshwater algae. Even though estuarine and marine vascular plants are highly vulnerable to environmental chemicals, phytotoxicity studies using native coastal plants have been limited, and no such studies are required for testing by regulating agencies. The relevance of toxicity tests of estuarine sediments and of wastes entering the estuary should depend on the use of estuarine and marine plant species. This review summarizes toxicity testing of marine plants used in biomonitoring, phytotoxicity, biotransformations of toxicants, bioaccumulation, and phytoremediation. Challenges to marine plant testing are discussed and include developing standard test protocols, identifying species with minimal salinity and toxicant interaction, defining and choosing a suitable sediment for sediment-bound toxicant testing, selecting endpoints with low variability, producing viable seeds, and culturing test plants. Progress in acquiring a suitable database is being made, but at a rate that is inadequate to create the sound, scientific foundation needed for safeguarding our estuarine ecosystems in the near future.

show abstract

Fitness Trade-Offs of Selenastrum Capricornutum Strains Selected for Rapid Growth on Copper-Spiked Solidified Nutrient Medium

Cited by 4 publications

References 8 publications

Use of plants for toxicity assessment of estuarine ecosystems

Use of plants for toxicity assessment of estuarine ecosystems

Algal growth rate fluctuations observed under uniform ambient test conditions using static and semicontinuous assay techniques

Use of Plants for Toxicity Assessment of Estuarine Ecosystems

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