Fitogeografia de Aldama (Asteraceae, Heliantheae) na América do Sul

Abstract

ResumoApresentamos um estudo fitogeográfico sobre Aldama (Asteraceae: Heliantheae) baseado em extenso trabalho de campo, dados da literatura e de herbários. AbstractA phytogeographical study of Aldama (Asteraceae: Heliantheae) based on extensive field work, literature and herbaria data is presented here. Species were included in ecoregions (Andean and Neotropical) and phytogeographic dominions previously established for Poaceae (Tropical and Subtropical, Warm Temperate and Cold Temperate grasslands). The majority of species belong to the Neotropical Region, and there are also many in Tropical and Subtropical grasslands. Only A. revoluta reaches the Patagonian sub-region of the Andean Region. Western and northern limits of some species are in the Andes Mountains. In contrast, Yungas and Puna regions may be corridors, linking these areas with the east-central area of the genus. In Brazil, the most favorable conditions for diversity and population density of Aldama species occur in areas with megathermal climates (most of the exclusively Brazilian species) or mesothermal climates (seven species), the latter of Köppen types Aw and Cwa, which are related to Cerrado landscapes. The greatest expressivity of Aldama in these open habitats seems to be linked to the thick underground system, which provides water needs during the dry season and fire protection. Four patterns are presented: Exclusive to the South American Transition Zone (10 spp.), Neotropical-transitional (eight spp.), Andean transitional (three spp.) and Neotropical nontransitional (41 spp).

Extremely low nucleotide diversity among thirty-six new chloroplast genome sequences fromAldama(Heliantheae, Asteraceae) and comparative chloroplast genomics analyses with closely related genera

“…Aldama is a genus of the Heliantheae Alliance (Heliantheae: Helianthinae) with ∼120 species ( Schilling & Panero, 2011 ; Magenta & Pirani, 2014 ), occurring in the southwestern USA and in most of South America, in mountainous regions and open vegetations. They are perennial herbs, with heads containing neutral ray florets, pappus composed by two awns and several short, deciduous or persistent squamellae ( Magenta, Loeuille & Pirani, 2017 ). Previously to the phylogenetic analysis by Schilling & Panero (2011) , the polyphyletic genus Viguiera contained most of the species currently placed in Aldama , including the 36 Brazilian species that are now placed in the latter.…”

Aldama macbridei (Heliantheae: Compositae): notes on its distribution and vulnerable habitats in central Peru

“…(South America) and specimens of Aldama macbridei were collected, identified using relevant literature (Magenta et al 2017;Pruski & Robinson 2018), and also compared with specimens from different herbaria (CPUN, COL, F, GH, HSP, HUT, K, MH, MOQ, OXA, TX, US). All voucher specimens are deposited in the herbaria of Cajamarca University (CPUN), Michael Dillon Institute (HSP), La Libertad-Trujillo National University (HUT), Moquegua National University (MOQ), and San Marcos National University (USM).…”

“…The genus Aldama La Llave (1824: 14) (Heliantheae, Compositae) is native to tropical and subtropical areas and comprises 118 species extending from southwestern North America and Mexico to South America (Schilling & Panero 2011;Magenta et al 2017). In Peru, the genus is represented by eight species (Schilling & Panero 2011) mainly distributed in subtropical dry and humid montane forests across the Andes.…”

Geographic distribution patterns of species of the subtribe Lychnophorinae (Asteraceae: Vernonieae)

“…Several phytogeographic studies have been continuously developed in Brazil to answer questions about species distribution, evolutionary behavior in relation to biogeographic barriers, location of areas harboring unique species composition, and others that contribute to scientific knowledge (Harley 1995;Giulietti et al 1997;Rapini et al 2002;Fiaschi & Pirani 2008;Echternacht et al 2011;Alves et al 2014;Silveira et al 2016;Magenta et al 2017;Morellato & Silveira 2017;Zappi et al 2017). The identification and classification of distribution patterns of several families of Angiosperms can assist in other works involving evolutionary processes, species dispersion, influence of geological formations on biodiversity levels, zoning of endemic habitats, relationships and ecological indicatives, among others (Giulietti & Pirani 1988;Rosauer et al 2009;Lusa et al 2014;Prado et al 2014;Rando et al 2016;Magenta et al 2017;Morellato & Silveira 2017).…”