Fitoquímicos: una nueva clase de prebióticos

Gasaly, Naschla; Riveros, Karla; Gotteland, Martín

doi:10.4067/s0717-75182020000200317

Cited by 15 publications

(9 citation statements)

References 54 publications

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“…GM corresponds to microorganisms (bacteria, archaea, fungi, viruses and phages) inhabiting the human gastrointestinal tract (4). The phylum Bacteroidetes and Firmicutes represent more than 90% of the GM bacterial component, including subdominant phyla such as Proteobacteria, Actinobacteria and Verrucomicrobia (5,6). Complex GM interaction with the host immune system begins at birth, where microorganisms initiate immune development and the immune system subsequently orchestrates the GM composition (7,8).…”

Section: A Brief Description Of Gut Microbiota and Host Immunitymentioning

confidence: 99%

Impact of Bacterial Metabolites on Gut Barrier Function and Host Immunity: A Focus on Bacterial Metabolism and Its Relevance for Intestinal Inflammation

2021

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The diverse and dynamic microbial community of the human gastrointestinal tract plays a vital role in health, with gut microbiota supporting the development and function of the gut immune barrier. Crosstalk between microbiota-gut epithelium and the gut immune system determine the individual health status, and any crosstalk disturbance may lead to chronic intestinal conditions, such as inflammatory bowel diseases (IBD) and celiac disease. Microbiota-derived metabolites are crucial mediators of host-microbial interactions. Some beneficially affect host physiology such as short-chain fatty acids (SCFAs) and secondary bile acids. Also, tryptophan catabolites determine immune responses, such as through binding to the aryl hydrocarbon receptor (AhR). AhR is abundantly present at mucosal surfaces and when activated enhances intestinal epithelial barrier function as well as regulatory immune responses. Exogenous diet-derived indoles (tryptophan) are a major source of endogenous AhR ligand precursors and together with SCFAs and secondary bile acids regulate inflammation by lowering stress in epithelium and gut immunity, and in IBD, AhR expression is downregulated together with tryptophan metabolites. Here, we present an overview of host microbiota-epithelium- gut immunity crosstalk and review how microbial-derived metabolites contribute to host immune homeostasis. Also, we discuss the therapeutic potential of bacterial catabolites for IBD and celiac disease and how essential dietary components such as dietary fibers and bacterial tryptophan catabolites may contribute to intestinal and systemic homeostasis.

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Section: A Brief Description Of Gut Microbiota and Host Immunitymentioning

confidence: 99%

Impact of Bacterial Metabolites on Gut Barrier Function and Host Immunity: A Focus on Bacterial Metabolism and Its Relevance for Intestinal Inflammation

2021

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“…However, the main findings relevant to this review regarding phytochemicals are summarized in Table 1. In addition, phytochemicals can act as prebiotics, promoting an eubiotic microbiota that produces higher amounts of bacterial metabolites, enhancing the epithelial barrier function, and reducing the inflammatory response, which could be related to the improvement of symptoms in IBD patients (Figure 3) (1,174).…”

Section: Dietary Phytochemicals To Restore Mitochondrial Function And...mentioning

confidence: 99%

The role of cholesterol and mitochondrial bioenergetics in activation of the inflammasome in IBD

et al. 2022

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Inflammatory Bowel Disease (IBD) is characterized by a loss of intestinal barrier function caused by an aberrant interaction between the immune response and the gut microbiota. In IBD, imbalance in cholesterol homeostasis and mitochondrial bioenergetics have been identified as essential events for activating the inflammasome-mediated response. Mitochondrial alterations, such as reduced respiratory complex activities and reduced production of tricarboxylic acid (TCA) cycle intermediates (e.g., citric acid, fumarate, isocitric acid, malate, pyruvate, and succinate) have been described in in vitro and clinical studies. Under inflammatory conditions, mitochondrial architecture in intestinal epithelial cells is dysmorphic, with cristae destruction and high dynamin-related protein 1 (DRP1)-dependent fission. Likewise, these alterations in mitochondrial morphology and bioenergetics promote metabolic shifts towards glycolysis and down-regulation of antioxidant Nuclear erythroid 2-related factor 2 (Nrf2)/Peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor gamma coactivator-1 alpha (PGC-1α) signaling. Although the mechanisms underlying the mitochondrial dysfunction during mucosal inflammation are not fully understood at present, metabolic intermediates and cholesterol may act as signals activating the NLRP3 inflammasome in IBD. Notably, dietary phytochemicals exhibit protective effects against cholesterol imbalance and mitochondrial function alterations to maintain gastrointestinal mucosal renewal in vitro and in vivo conditions. Here, we discuss the role of cholesterol and mitochondrial metabolism in IBD, highlighting the therapeutic potential of dietary phytochemicals, restoring intestinal metabolism and function.

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“…The flavonoids are a large class of polyphenolic secondary metabolites that are widely distributed in fruits and vegetables. Quercetin, taxifolin, and robinetin are reported to be able to activate the AHR, while luteolin act as AHR antagonists [28][29][30][31][32]. Other polyphenols are reported to have activity to block PPI at the AHR and ARNT level [24].…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%