Five decades of selection for yield reduced root length density and increased nitrogen uptake per unit root length in Australian wheat varieties

Aziz, M. M.; Palta, Jairo A.; Siddique, Kadambot H. M.; Sadras, Víctor O.

doi:10.1007/s11104-016-3059-y

Cited by 131 publications

(123 citation statements)

References 59 publications

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“…Plyvinyl chloride (PVC) rhizoboxes have been previously described in root studies [12,15,16,20]. Briefly, the acrylic glass side was covered with a removable, black PVC sheet to avoid light exposure to the roots.…”

Section: Cultivarsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The soil consisted of 63.5% sand with a particle size between 0.010-0.020 inches, 8.3% silt and 28.3% clay with a pH, measured in a 1:5 suspension of soil in 0.01 M CaCl 2 , of 6.0. The soil contained 6 µg g −1 of nitrate-N, 4 µg g −1 of ammonium-N, 46 µg g −1 of Colwell P and 691 µg g −1 of Colwell K [15]. Air-dried soil was sieved to 2 mm and mixed uniformly with 25% in (vol.)…”

Section: Cultivarsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…While wheat with large biomass and root length and more prolific root systems can improve water [9] and nitrogen uptake in dry environments and deep sandy soils [11][12][13], wheat root systems with small biomass and root length have been unintentionally selected in modern cultivars [14]. In Australia, wheat varieties released in the last 50 years have progressively had less root biomass, root length and root length density, while nitrogen uptake has increased [15]. This raises the question, to what extent do wheat breeders need to select for root system size and what is the efficiency of water and nitrogen uptake per unit of root length and root biomass?…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…It was hypothesized that genotypic differences in wheat root system size at early vegetative stages (tillering, Z2.1) grown under semi-hydroponic conditions would be reproducible at late phenological stages (booting, Z4.9), when grown in soil with large rhizoboxes. To test this hypothesis, five wheat cultivars were grown in rhizoboxes to map and observe differences in root growth, branching and distribution [15][16][17][18][19].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Characterization of Root and Shoot Traits in Wheat Cultivars with Putative Differences in Root System Size

et al. 2018

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Abstract:Root system size is a key trait for improving water and nitrogen uptake efficiency in wheat (Triticum aestivum L.). This study aimed (i) to characterize the root system and shoot traits of five wheat cultivars with apparent differences in root system size; (ii) to evaluate whether the apparent differences in root system size observed at early vegetative stages in a previous semi-hydroponic phenotyping experiment are reflected at later phenological stages in plants grown in soil using large rhizoboxes. The five wheat cultivars were grown in a glasshouse in rhizoboxes filled to 1.0 m with field soil. Phenology and shoot traits were measured and root growth and proliferation were mapped to quantify root length density (RLD), root length per plant, root biomass and specific root length (SRL). Wheat cultivars with large root systems had greater root length, more root biomass and thicker roots, particularly in the top 40 cm, than those with small root systems. Cultivars that reached anthesis later had larger root system sizes than those that reached anthesis earlier. Later anthesis allowed more time for root growth and proliferation. Cultivars with large root systems had 25% more leaf area and biomass than those with small root systems, which presumably reflects high canopy photosynthesis to supply the demand for carbon assimilates to roots. Wheat cultivars with contrasting root system sizes at the onset of tillering (Z2.1) in a semi-hydroponic phenotyping system maintained their size ranking at booting (Z4.5) when grown in soil. Phenology, particularly time to anthesis, was associated with root system size.

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Section: Cultivarsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Cultivarsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

See 2 more Smart Citations

Characterization of Root and Shoot Traits in Wheat Cultivars with Putative Differences in Root System Size

et al. 2018

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“…The size and configuration of roots are directly related to the absorption of moisture and nutrients because they are in direct contact with the nutrients in growth medium [33][34][35]. Generally, larger root systems with greater fine root surface area have a higher uptake rate of moisture and nutrients [36,37].…”

Section: Drought Restricted the Transport Of Nitrogen From Root To Abmentioning

confidence: 99%

Alleviation of Drought Stress by Nitrogen Application in Brassica campestris ssp. Chinensis L.

et al. 2018

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Abstract:To assess the influence of drought stress on the growth and nitrogen nutrition status of pakchoi (Brassica campestris ssp. Chinensis L.) at different nitrogen (N) levels, the changes in N accumulation and enzyme activities involved in N assimilation were investigated. The drought was induced by adding polyethylene glycol (PEG) under hydroponic culture conditions. Pakchoi seedlings were exposed to a modified nutrient solution with different nitrogen concentration (N1, N2, and N3 represent 2, 9 and 18 mM NaNO 3 , respectively) and osmotic potential (W1, W2 and W3 represent 0, 60 and 120 g·L −1 PEG 6000) in a full factorial, replicated randomized block design. A short time (seven days) of drought stress caused a significant decline in plant water content, transpiration rate, shoot biomass and shoot nitrogen concentration. Increasing N availability considerably alleviate drought stress by increasing the content of total free amino acids in the roots, promoting the acceleration of root biomass accumulation, and improving the activities of nitrate reductase (NR; EC 1.7.1.1) and glutamine synthetase (GS; EC 6.3.1.2) which would reduce moisture limitations. The results suggested that pakchoi supplied with relative higher N had better growth performance under drought stress.

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Intercropping to Maximize Root–Root Interactions in Agricultural Plants

Liu

2021

The Root Systems in Sustainable Agricultural Intensification

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Five decades of selection for yield reduced root length density and increased nitrogen uptake per unit root length in Australian wheat varieties

Cited by 131 publications

References 59 publications

Characterization of Root and Shoot Traits in Wheat Cultivars with Putative Differences in Root System Size

Characterization of Root and Shoot Traits in Wheat Cultivars with Putative Differences in Root System Size

Alleviation of Drought Stress by Nitrogen Application in Brassica campestris ssp. Chinensis L.

Intercropping to Maximize Root–Root Interactions in Agricultural Plants

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