Five Feet High and Rising: Cities and Flooding in the 21st Century

Jha, Abhas K.; Lamond, Jessica; Bloch, Robert; Bhattacharya, Namrata; López, Ana María; Papachristodoulou, Nikolaos; Bird, Alan R.; Proverbs, David; Davies, John R.; Barker, R.J.

doi:10.1596/1813-9450-5648

Cited by 91 publications

(65 citation statements)

References 21 publications

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“…This could be the direct explanation of the increase in neighborhoods affected by flooding events, which rose from an average of two per decade between 1960 and 1999, to 5.5 between 2000 and 2012 as reported in Rojas [79]. Our results are consistent with what is occurring globally, where urban flood damage is found to be increasingly intense, expensive, and unwieldy [81]. Worldwide, economic losses due to floods in the last ten years are ten times higher than those reported in 1960 [82].…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 90%

Urban Growth and Flood Disasters in the Coastal River Basin of South-Central Chile (1943–2011)

et al. 2017

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Abstract:Urban flooding is an increasing problem in developing countries, thus understanding flood dynamics is necessary to establish guidelines on urban development and flood management. This paper studied the lower reaches of the Andalien River basin, situated on the coast of the Greater Concepcion Metropolitan Area (CMA), the second most urbanized area in Chile. This basin experienced a record 21 flood events in the last 50 years. Patterns in the evolution of urban growth were evaluated using a historical analysis ) that specifically focused on how these patterns interact with zones that are prone to flooding over different return periods. Our model applied to the CMA, but is sufficiently transversal to be applied in similar areas. It was determined that the built-up area increased by 1457 ha and had an urban form vulnerable to future flooding due to its location on landforms exposed to flood risk, with altitudes of <8 m and slopes of <0.5 • . The bankfull channel of the Andalien River lost 18.4% of its area. Upstream, management of the river decreased smaller floods for a return period of two, five, and 10 years; however, for a return period of 500 years, risk remained at high levels. These findings help to rethink and improve urban planning and the response of Chilean cities in relation to flood hazard.

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Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 90%

Urban Growth and Flood Disasters in the Coastal River Basin of South-Central Chile (1943–2011)

et al. 2017

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“…Low regret options are important for flood management in developing countries in particular because financial pressures render the integration of flood management with wider development goals especially critical. Low priority is often accorded to the management of solid waste in developing countries for a number of reasons: waste management is often seen as a low status occupation with poor wages and therefore there may be a lack of relevant expertise compounded by absenteeism [14]; low awareness of the health and sanitation implications of poor waste management can lead to an absence of pressure from civil society and therefore funds are diverted to other more high profile programmes; this lack of resources perpetuates the low status of waste management with no money to purchase equipment, train staff and develop disposal sites [14]. Poor wages encourage absenteeism.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

The role of solid waste management as a response to urban flood risk in developing countries, a case study analysis

Lamond

Bhattacharya

Bloch³

2012

WIT Transactions on Ecology and the Environment

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“…A large number of these urbanising cities have experienced with natural hazards, of which over 70% are flood related incidents (EM-DAT, 2014). Flood hazards are often characterised by magnitudes or intensities, speeds of onset, durations, and areas of an extent (Jha et al, 2011). In urbanising cities, an occurrence of urban floods could be consequences of natural hydro-meteorological phenomenon combined with interactions of both natural catchments and urban structures.…”

Section: Approaches To Urban Flood Modellingmentioning

confidence: 99%

Point Cloud Data Fusion for Enhancing 2D Urban Flood Modelling

Meesuk¹

2017

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Although all care is taken to ensure the integrity and the quality of this publication and the information herein, no responsibility is assumed by the publishers, the author nor UNESCO-IHE for any damage to the property or persons as a result of operation or use of this publication and/or the information contained herein. A pdf version of this work will be made available as Open Access via http://repository.tudelft.nl/ihe This version is licensed under the Creative Commons Attribution-Non Commercial 4.0 International License, http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/4.0/Published by: CRC Press/Balkema PO Box 11320, 2301 EH Leiden, the Netherlands e-mail: Pub.NL@taylorandfrancis.com www.crcpress.com -www.taylorandfrancis.com to my dear family SummaryModelling urban flood dynamics requires detailed knowledge of a number of complex processes. Numerical simulation of flood propagation requires proper understanding of all processes involved. Also, special care has to be taken to adequately represent the urban topography, taking into account typical urban features like underpasses and hidden alleyways. Incorrect input data will affect the numerical model results, which may lead to inadequate flood-protection measures or even catastrophic flooding situations. This thesis explores how to include particular urban topographic features in urban flood modelling.Aerial Light Detection and Ranging (LiDAR) systems offer opportunities for achieving good quality topographic data, with less fieldwork on the ground. Even though aerial LiDAR data have long been used in many applications, conventional top-view LiDAR data can not quite capture some hidden urban features. However, recent improvements in Structure from Motion (SfM) techniques provide opportunities to achieve improved quality topographic data by using multiple viewpoints, including side-view data.This dissertation explores insights into the capabilities of assimilating SfM point cloud data by using multi-source views as input for enhancing 2D urban flood modelling. Side-view SfM point cloud data are collected and merged with conventional top-view LiDAR point cloud data to create novel Multi-Source Views (MSV) topographic data. The main objectives of this research are (i) to provide insight into the capabilities of using computer-based environments; (ii) to explore the benefits of using the new MSV data; (iii) to enhance 2D model schematizations; (iv) to compare simulated results using new MSV data and conventional top-view LiDAR data as input for urban flood models; and (v) to help developing flood-protection measures. Findings showed that simulation results using conventional top-view LiDAR-DSM as input show the least flood inundation areas and results contained many dry areas. This is because conventional LiDAR-DSM does not capture hidden urban features like underpasses, high trees, overarching structures, which behave as obstacles in 2D model schematics. When applying extended top-view LiDAR-DBM+ and the newly developed MSV-DEM as input, simulation results showed m...

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Five Feet High and Rising: Cities and Flooding in the 21st Century

Cited by 91 publications

References 21 publications

Urban Growth and Flood Disasters in the Coastal River Basin of South-Central Chile (1943–2011)

Urban Growth and Flood Disasters in the Coastal River Basin of South-Central Chile (1943–2011)

The role of solid waste management as a response to urban flood risk in developing countries, a case study analysis

Point Cloud Data Fusion for Enhancing 2D Urban Flood Modelling

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