Five genetic stocks of broilers of different growth rate potential choose the same protein/energy balance

Picard, Michel; Siegel, P. B.; Geraert, P. A.; Uzu, G.; Williams, P. E. V.

doi:10.1017/s0263967x00043585

Cited by 3 publications

(3 citation statements)

References 4 publications

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“…Chicks are pre-disposed to peck at small three-dimensional objects (Dawkins, 1968;Hogan, 1973). Pecking incorporates precisely coordinated, visual, neuromuscular and tactile processes, that has been studied intensively in domestic chicks (Yo, et al, 1998(Yo, et al, , 1997bPicard et al, 1997) and hens (Hutchinson & Taylor, 1962). Pecking involves the isthmo-optic visual system, which is used to focus on moving prey and is better developed in ground feeding birds (Miles, 1972).…”

Section: Reviewing Manuscriptmentioning

confidence: 99%

Peer Review #2 of "Chicks change their pecking behaviour towards stationary and mobile food sources over the first 12 weeks of life: improvement and discontinuities (v0.1)"

2014

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Chicks change their pecking behaviour towards stationary and mobile food sources over the first 12 weeks of life: Improvement and discontinuities Chicks (Gallus gallus domesticus) learn to peck soon after hatching and then peck in rapid bursts or bouts with intervals of non-pecking activity. The food sources may be static such as seeds and chick crumb, or mobile such as a mealworm. Here, changes with age in pecking toward chick crumb and a mealworm were measured. Chicks were reared in pairs and their pecking of crumb food was video recorded in their pair housed environment, from food presentation, every third day from day 8 (wk2) to day 65 (wk10). Peck rate at crumb food reached maximum levels at day 32 (wk5), and then declined, fitting a quadratic model, with no sex, sex of cagemate, or box order effects. Within bouts the peck rate was higher and it increased to day 41 (wk6) and then declined, and here males pecked faster than females. A change in dietary protein concentration from 22% to 18% at day 28 (wk4) had no effect on subsequent peck rate. Pecking at and consumption of a mealworm in pair housed chicks were measured weekly from wks [5 to 12]. The latency to first worm peck and latency to swallow decreased to wk 8 and increased thereafter. The peck rate to first wormpeck and number of pecks to swallow increased to wk 8 and then declined paralleling the changes with crumb food. The increase in peck rate is coupled with an increase in efficiency in worm catching. The results are consistent with the view that the improvement in pecking ability and accuracy compliments change in nutritional requirement best served by an invertebrate food (IF) source requiring speed to achieve feeding success, especially with live prey. When this food source is no longer crucial these associated skill levels decline. An appreciation of the role of domestic fowl in controlling insect populations, at farm level, that are often vectors in disease spread is lacking.

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Section: Reviewing Manuscriptmentioning

confidence: 99%

Peer Review #2 of "Chicks change their pecking behaviour towards stationary and mobile food sources over the first 12 weeks of life: improvement and discontinuities (v0.1)"

2014

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“…Chicks are pre-disposed to peck at small three-dimensional objects ( Dawkins, 1968 ; Hogan, 1973 ). Pecking incorporates precisely coordinated, visual, neuromuscular and tactile processes, that has been studied intensively in domestic chicks ( Yo et al, 1998 ; Yo et al, 1997 ; Picard et al, 1997 ) and hens ( Hutchinson & Taylor, 1962 ). Pecking involves the isthmo-optic visual system, which is used to focus on moving prey and is better developed in ground feeding birds ( Miles, 1972 ).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Chicks change their pecking behaviour towards stationary and mobile food sources over the first 12 weeks of life: improvement and discontinuities

Murphy

Hayden

Kent³

2014

PeerJ

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Chicks (Gallus gallus domesticus) learn to peck soon after hatching and then peck in rapid bursts or bouts with intervals of non-pecking activity. The food sources may be static such as seeds and chick crumb, or mobile such as a mealworm. Here, changes with age in pecking toward chick crumb and a mealworm were measured.Chicks were reared in pairs and their pecking of crumb food was video recorded in their pair housed environment, from food presentation, every third day from day 8 (wk 2) to day 65 (wk 10). Peck rate at crumb food reached maximum levels at day 32 (wk 5), and then declined, fitting a quadratic model, with no sex, sex of cagemate, or box order effects. Within bouts the peck rate was higher and it increased to day 41 (wk 6) and then declined, and here males pecked faster than females. A change in dietary protein concentration from 22% to 18% at day 28 (wk 4) had no effect on subsequent peck rate.Pecking at and consumption of a mealworm in pair housed chicks were measured weekly from wks [5 to 12]. The latency to first worm peck and latency to swallow decreased to wk 8 and increased thereafter. The peck rate to first wormpeck and number of pecks to swallow increased to wk 8 and then declined paralleling the changes with crumb food. The increase in peck rate is coupled with an increase in efficiency in worm catching.The results are consistent with the view that the improvement in pecking ability and accuracy compliments change in nutritional requirement best served by an invertebrate food (IF) source requiring speed to achieve feeding success, especially with live prey. When this food source is no longer crucial these associated skill levels decline. An appreciation of the role of domestic fowl in controlling insect populations, at farm level, that are often vectors in disease spread is lacking.

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“…Most choice-feeding studies have shown that feed selection by birds is regulated firstly towards satisfaction of energy requirement for growth and development ( Mastika and Cumming 1981 ; Mastika, 1983 ). Birds can select a balanced amount of amino acids, avoiding amino acid deficiency or amino acid toxicity ( Noble et al, 1993 ; Picard et al, 1997 ), but they may fail to balance their amino acids or proteins when energy is the limiting factor in the diet. However, as feed is the most expensive of all the variable-cost inputs required for poultry production, a self-selection feeding regime may offer a potential beneficial effect for achieving optimum production through reduction in feed costs ( Zulkifli et al, 2001 ).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Effect of Production Phase on Growth, Enzyme Activities and Feed Selection of Broilers Raised on Vegetable Protein Diet

Hossain¹,

Islam²,

Iji³

2014

Asian Australas. J. Anim. Sci

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This study consisted of two experiments, conducted to assess the impact of phase at which vegetable protein (VP) diets are introduced to broiler chicks, and preference of birds for diets based on soybean or canola meal (CM). Two hundred and ten day-old Cobb 500 chicks were randomly distributed into five dietary groups in the main experiment. One group was fed on animal protein (AP) diet all through to 21 days of age; two other groups were started on AP diet for 7 days and then switched to diets containing soybean meal (AP-SBM) or AP-CM, while two other diets (SBM-AP and CM-AP) were started on one of the VP diets for 7 days and then switched to AP diet. A sub-experiment on thirty birds raised on a commercial diet to 7 days was used in a feed selection test to quantify the preference of birds for the diets containing mainly CM or SBM. Chicks were reared under similar care and management conditions and the diets were iso-caloric and iso-nitrogenous. Results of the main experiment showed that chicks on CM-AP diet ate more (p<0.05) than those on the other diets up to day 7. Body weight gain was highest (p<0.001) on the AP-SBM diet while birds on the CM-AP diet weighed the least at 7 d. Feed intake, body weight gain, feed conversion ratio, mortality, bone growth, visceral organ development, and activities of digestive enzymes were similar between the groups from hatch to 21 days of age. Results of the second sub-experiment showed that chicks preferred the CM-based diets to the SBM-based diets at 8 to 14 d (p<0.001) and 15 to 21 d (p<0.01) when given a choice. Overall, the birds were not affected by the nature of the starter diet although they tended to prefer the canola to soybean diets.

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Five genetic stocks of broilers of different growth rate potential choose the same protein/energy balance

Cited by 3 publications

References 4 publications

Peer Review #2 of "Chicks change their pecking behaviour towards stationary and mobile food sources over the first 12 weeks of life: improvement and discontinuities (v0.1)"

Peer Review #2 of "Chicks change their pecking behaviour towards stationary and mobile food sources over the first 12 weeks of life: improvement and discontinuities (v0.1)"

Chicks change their pecking behaviour towards stationary and mobile food sources over the first 12 weeks of life: improvement and discontinuities

Effect of Production Phase on Growth, Enzyme Activities and Feed Selection of Broilers Raised on Vegetable Protein Diet

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