Five insights from the Global Burden of Disease Study 2019

Abstract

The Global Burden of Diseases, Injuries, and Risk Factors Study (GBD) 2019 provides a rules-based synthesis of the available evidence on levels and trends in health outcomes, a diverse set of risk factors, and health system responses. GBD 2019 covered 204 countries and territories, as well as first administrative level disaggregations for 22 countries, from 1990 to 2019. Because GBD is highly standardised and comprehensive, spanning both fatal and non-fatal outcomes, and uses a mutually exclusive and collectively exhaustive list of hierarchical disease and injury causes, the study provides a powerful basis for detailed and broad insights on global health trends and emerging challenges. GBD 2019 incorporates data from 281 586 sources and provides more than 3•5 billion estimates of health outcome and health system measures of interest for global, national, and subnational policy dialogue. All GBD estimates are publicly available and adhere to the Guidelines on Accurate and Transparent Health Estimate Reporting. From this vast amount of information, five key insights that are important for health, social, and economic development strategies have been distilled. These insights are subject to the many limitations outlined in each of the component GBD capstone papers.

Determination of Major Endogenous FAHFAs in Healthy Human Circulation: The Correlations with Several Circulating Cardiovascular-Related Biomarkers and Anti-Inflammatory Effects on RAW 264.7 Cells

“…FAHFAs are newly discovered branched fatty acids; however, the major endogenous FAHFAs in healthy human circulation and their correlation with cardiovascular (CV) biomarkers have not been investigated. CVDs present the highest risk of mortality globally [ 11 , 12 ]. Traditional risk factors, including diabetes mellitus (DM), obesity, hypertension, arteriosclerosis, higher triglyceride (TG), total cholesterol (TCH), low-density lipoprotein cholesterol (LDL-C), and reduction in high-density lipoprotein cholesterol (HDL-C), may lead to the development of CVD [ 13 , 14 , 15 ].…”

Estimates of Cancer Mortality Attributable to Carcinogenic Infections in Italy

“…The reduction in these infections concerns not only the possibility of avoiding a significant number of deaths but also their whole impact on health and health systems, averting disease cases and direct and social costs associated with cancer. Therefore, our findings might help primary care professionals and policymakers provide actionable metrics to adjust national and regional health care policies and enhance community health promotion for cancer prevention, screening, and care, through evidence-based information [ 39 , 40 , 41 ].…”

Prescribing active transport as a planetary health intervention – benefits, challenges and recommendations

“…Concomitant with physical inactivity being a leading cause of disability globally [4,6], climate change and environmental degradation are now driving worsening health effects [7,8]. These health effects include increases in both communicable [9] and non-communicable diseases [10,11], which may relate to increased temperatures, malnutrition, mental and physical trauma and injury due to extreme weather events, social inequality, climate migration and conflict [10,11].…”