Five plant families support natural sporulation of Cronartium ribicola and C. flaccidum in Finland

Kaitera, Juha; Hiltunen, Ritva; Kauppila, Tuomas; Hantula, Jarkko

doi:10.1007/s10658-017-1188-7

Cited by 11 publications

(9 citation statements)

References 26 publications

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“…In this study, the known susceptible wild alternate host of Apocynaceae, V. hirundinaria , was resistant to C. flaccidum similarly to some previous studies (Kaitera, Hiltunen, Kauppila et al., ; Kaitera, pers. obs.).…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 86%

“…No fruiting structures developed on S. nodosa , P. rhoeas , P. orientale , R. nigrum Mikael, Gentiana septemfida or V. hirundinaria . The tested V. hirundinaria provenance was a rust‐resistant provenance growing in the Botanical Garden's collection that has been rust‐free previously (Kaitera, Hiltunen, Kauppila, & Hantula, ; Kaitera, pers. obs.…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Different varieties of E. stricta occur throughout Finland in road sides, backyards of houses and water sides (Hämet‐Ahti et al., ), thus being potential species to spread C. flaccidum efficiently in practice. Recently, C. flaccidum was also found to sporulate in natural habitats of E. stricta in several locations in northern Finland (Kaitera, Kalleinen, Mikkilä, & Hantula, ; Kaitera, Hiltunen, Kauppila et al., ). In this study, C. flaccidum was found also commonly on wild Euphrasia in a severely damaged pine stand in northern Finland.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 98%

“…Therefore, these plants evidently spread the rust under natural conditions. Among these species, M. sylvaticum is a known wild alternate host (Kaitera & Hantula, 1998), and recently, C. flaccidum was also found to sporulate on natural plants of E. stricta (Kaitera, Hiltunen, Kauppila et al, 2017;Kaitera, Kalleinen et al, 2017) in Finland and in Germany (Kummer & Klenke, 2015). The present finding of the rust is, therefore, the most northern one and confirms that also Euphrasia can play an important role along with M. sylvaticum as an alternate host of C. flaccidum.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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New alternate hosts for Cronartium spp.: Odontites, Euphrasia, Rhinanthus and Papaver

2018

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Susceptibility of 13 plant species to Scots pine blister rust, Cronartium flaccidum, or white‐pine blister rust, Cronartium ribicola, was tested in Finland. The test species belonged to 10 genera in eight plant families, and they were inoculated in the laboratory or in the glasshouse. After 8 weeks of incubation, C. flaccidum sporulated on five species and provenances in the glasshouse and six species in the laboratory. After similar incubation, C. ribicola sporulated on one species in the glasshouse and two species in the laboratory. Cronartium ribicola formed uredinia and telia on Euphrasia nemorosa in the glasshouse and uredinia on E. nemorosa and Ribes nigrum in the laboratory. Cronartium flaccidum produced uredinia and telia on Odontites verna (two provenances), E. nemorosa and Euphrasia stricta both in the glasshouse and in the laboratory, on Papaver rhoeas in the glasshouse, and on Rhinanthus serotinus, Impatiens parviflora and Paeonia lactiflora in the laboratory. Rhinanthus serotinus, O. verna, I. parviflora and P. rhoeas are new alternate hosts for C. flaccidum, and for the first time, species of Odontites and Papaver were confirmed by molecular methods as alternate hosts for the rust. Cronartium ribicola was reported to sporulate on E. nemorosa for the first time. In conclusion, hemiparasitic genera of the family Orobanchaceae contain several forest species that are susceptible to C. flaccidum, although single highly resistant species also occur in these genera. Similarly, several genera of Orobanchaceae contain single species that are susceptible to C. ribicola, although most of the species in this family are highly resistant to the rust. In a severely damaged Scots pine stand in northern Finland, C. flaccidum was found to sporulate commonly on Melampyrum sylvaticum and E. stricta, and rarely on Rhinanthus minor. This is the first report of natural sporulation of C. flaccidum on Rhinanthus in its natural habitat.

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Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 86%

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 98%

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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New alternate hosts for Cronartium spp.: Odontites, Euphrasia, Rhinanthus and Papaver

2018

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“…These studies indicated that C. flaccidum is more common on M. sylvaticum than on M. pratense in natural stands (Kaitera, Hantula, & Nevalainen, ; Kaitera, Nuorteva, & Hantula, ). Recently, C. flaccidum was found to sporulate on Euphrasia stricta growing in its natural habitat (Kaitera, Hiltunen, Kauppila, & Hantula, ). No investigations have been performed about the rust frequency on other members of the family Orobanchaceae in their natural habitats.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Cronartium flaccidum sporulates on new Euphrasia species in natural habitats in Finland

et al. 2017

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Summary Natural sporulation of a pine stem rust, Cronartium flaccidum, was investigated in forested habitats in northern Finland. First, a diffuse sample (100) of seven species of hemiparasitic plants was collected in their natural habitats close to one another. C. flaccidum was found to sporulate on six species. The rust was most common on Melampyrum sylvaticum with 21% of the plants and 2% of the leaves carrying telia. Telia occurred occasionally also on Euphrasia frigida, E. nemorosa, E. stricta, Pedicularis palustris ssp. palustris and Melampyrum pratense (less than 5% of the plants and 0.3% of the leaves). The rust was absent on Rhinanthus minor. Second, a diffuse sample of each of M. sylvaticum, M. pratense, Euphrasia sp. and Rhinanthus sp. was collected from 10 sample plots surrounding the city area. C. flaccidum occurred on 0.29% of the leaves of M. sylvaticum, and 0.02%–0.03% of M. pratense and Euphrasia, but it was lacking from Rhinanthus. The results indicated that C. flaccidum was most common and widespread on M. sylvaticum, but sporulated sporadically also on Euphrasia sp., P. palustris and M. pratense. This is the first report of sporulation of C. flaccidum on Euphrasia frigida and E. nemorosa in their natural habitats. In contrast, a second rust observed in this survey, Coleosporium sp. needle rust, was much more common than C. flaccidum on the investigated plants. In the first site, 43%–54% of plants and 8%–17% of leaves of Melampyrum spp. and 0%–13% of plants and 0%–2% of leaves of Euphrasia spp., Rhinanthus minor and Pedicularis palustris carried uredinia or telia. In the second site, 9%–15% of leaves of Melampyrum spp. and 1%–2% of Euphrasia sp. and Rhinanthus sp. carried rust uredinia and/or telia. The results indicate frequent spore dispersal of both Cronartium and Coleosporium in the area, and versatile rust sporulation on hemiparasitic plant species.

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Relationship and genetic structure among autoecious and heteroecious populations of Cronartium pini in northern Fennoscandia

et al. 2021

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Five plant families support natural sporulation of Cronartium ribicola and C. flaccidum in Finland

Cited by 11 publications

References 26 publications

New alternate hosts for Cronartium spp.: Odontites, Euphrasia, Rhinanthus and Papaver

New alternate hosts for Cronartium spp.: Odontites, Euphrasia, Rhinanthus and Papaver

Cronartium flaccidum sporulates on new Euphrasia species in natural habitats in Finland

Relationship and genetic structure among autoecious and heteroecious populations of Cronartium pini in northern Fennoscandia

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