Five-Repetition Sit-to-Stand Test Performance in Healthy Individuals: Reference Values and Predictors From 2 Prospective Cohorts

Klukowska, Anita M.; Staartjes, Victor E.; Schröder, Marc

doi:10.14245/ns.2142750.375

Cited by 19 publications

(22 citation statements)

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“…Similarly to a population of healthy adult individuals, increased height of patients with LDD correlated with worse 5R-STS performance despite the standardized seat of 43cm height. [14] This agrees with a study on stroke survivors, which showed that seat height lower than knee height increased the 5R-STS [18] Therefore, the height of a patient with LDD must be taken into account when interpreting the 5R-STS time and ideally the patient should be sat at knee-height level, or height-adjusted test times should be calculated. [18,19] Multiple studies demonstrated a signi cant positive correlation between age and 5R-STS performance in adult individuals, however the participants were often much older than patients from our cohort or categorized into either 20-29 or 80-85 age groups, missing the 48-year mean age of our participants.…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 87%

“…It has been previously suggested that increased BMI, increased age and being female are a signi cant positive prognostic factor for 5R-STS performance in healthy individuals, which is also in agreement with proven risk factors for development of LDD. [14,24,31] Contrary to expectations, no such correlation was identi ed for patients with LDD. It may be theorized that once a symptomatic LDD pathology requiring surgical intervention develops, variation in 5R-STS time is no longer signi cantly correlated with basic demographic characteristics in contrast to spine-healthy individuals but predominantly in uenced by the pathology.…”

Section: Discussioncontrasting

confidence: 87%

“…[3,6,15] A more recent study, however, with a mean age of 39 years also identi ed a signi cant ageassociated increase in 5R-STS in healthy adult individuals which is more suitable for comparison. [14] In our study of patients with LDD, age was not a signi cant prognostic factor for 5R-STS performance. A possible explanation for this might be that the greatest incidence of LDD falls between 40-70 years of age limiting opportunities for identifying a signi cant correlation.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 48%

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Predictors of five-repetition sit-to-stand test performance in patients with lumbar degenerative disease

2022

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Background The five-repetition sit-to-stand test (5R-STS) has recently been validated as an objective measure of functional impairment in patients with lumbar degenerative disease (LDD). Knowledge of factors influencing 5R-STS performance is useful to correct for confounders, create personalized adjusted test times, and potentially identify prognostic subgroups. We evaluate factors predicting the 5R-STS performance in patients with LDD. Methods Patients with LDD requiring surgery were included. Each participant performed the 5R-STS and completed a questionnaire that included their age, gender, weight, height, body mass index (BMI), smoking status, education level, employment type, ability to work, analgesic drug usage, history of previous spinal surgery, and EQ5D depression and anxiety domain. Surgical indication and index level of the spinal pathology were also recorded. Predictors of 5R-STS were identified through multivariable linear regression. Results The cohort consisted of 240 patients, 47.9% being female (mean age, 47.7 ± 13.6 years). In the final multivariable model incorporating confounders, height (regression coefficient (RC), 0.08; 95% confidence interval (CI), 0.003/0.16, p = 0.042) and being an active smoker (RC, 2.44; 95%CI, 0.56/4.32, p = 0.012) were significant predictors of worse 5R-STS performance. Full ability to work (RC, − 2.39; 95%CI, − 4.39/ − 0.39, p = 0.020) was associated with a better 5R-STS performance. Age, height, surgical indication, index level of pathology, history of previous spine surgery, history of pain, analgesic drug use, employment type, and severity of anxiety and depression symptoms demonstrated confounding effect on the 5R-STS time. Conclusions Greater height, being an active smoker, and inability to work are significant predictors of worse 5R-STS performance in patients with LDD. Trial registration ClinicalTrials.gov Identifier: NCT03303300 and NCT03321357.

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Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 87%

Section: Discussioncontrasting

confidence: 87%

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 48%

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Predictors of five-repetition sit-to-stand test performance in patients with lumbar degenerative disease

2022

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“…The results indicate that FTSTS is a simple physical function assessment that can be used in clinical practice to estimate the decline in 6 MWD in patients with pancreatic cancer. A previous study on 6 MWD and STS in women with breast cancer indicated a significant correlation [40]. This could be a useful method of assessment for busy clinicians and physical therapists to understand the decline in patients' physical function.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 82%

Case–control study of the correlation between the five times sit to stand and 6-min walk distance in patients with pancreatic cancer

Nakashima

Iwaki

Kawae

et al. 2022

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Purpose Cases of pancreatic cancer are increasing, and the risk of developing this disease reportedly increases with age. In recent years, there has been an increasing number of reports on physical function in patients with pancreatic cancer. Methods such as the 6-min walk distance (6 MWD) should be established to evaluate physical function, as a decline in exercise capacity is an important index in these patients. Recently, the 6 MWD has also been used to evaluate physical function in patients with pancreatic cancer. In healthy older adults, a decrease in 6 MWD is reportedly associated with intrinsic capacity and health status. Such factors make assessing 6 MWD important. However, the measurement of 6 MWD requires a sizable measurement environment. The five times sit to stand (FTSTS) test is a simple method that can be performed using a chair. FTSTS is hypothesized to be a useful assessment scale in patients with pancreatic cancer because it is easy to estimate the decline in physical function in clinical practice if the decline in 6 MWD can be estimated by evaluating FTSTS. The study’s purpose was to clarify this hypothesis and ascertain the cutoff required to determine the decrease in 6 MWD in clinical practice. Methods Sixty consecutive patients with preoperative pancreatic cancer who were assessed for physical function were studied. 6 MWD (< 400 m) was the objective variable, and binary logistic regression analysis was performed, with age, BMI, sex, FTSTS, and HGS as explanatory variables. Receiver-operating characteristic (ROC) curve analysis was performed for the explanatory variables, which were found to be significant based on logistic regression analysis. The area under the curve (AUC) was also calculated. Sensitivity, specificity, negative predictive value (NPV), and positive predictive value (PPV) were evaluated. This study was approved by Hiroshima University Hospital’s ethics committee (approval number: E808-1). Results Fifty-seven of the 60 patients were included in the analysis. Logistic regression analysis showed that FTSTS was a significant explanatory variable; ROC curve analysis showed an AUC of 0.872 and a cutoff value of 8.98 s. The sensitivity, specificity, PPV, and NPV were 82.4%, 80.0%, 63.6%, and 91.4%, respectively. Conclusions A decrease in 6 MWD in preoperative pancreatic cancer patients can be identified by performing FTSTS.

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“… 15 The protocol for 5×STS is five repetitions of sitting on an armless chair of standard height (48 cm) and full standing up, as fast as possible without using the upper limbs. 41 The time from the initial stand to the completed fifth stand was recorded as the examinee’s score. The heel-raise test measures the strength of the ankle plantar flexor muscles.…”

Section: Assessment Of Muscle Quality: Muscle Strength and Performancementioning

confidence: 99%

Assessment of Muscle Quantity, Quality and Function

Koo

2022

Journal of Obesity & Metabolic Syndrome

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Sarcopenia is a syndrome characterized by loss of skeletal muscle mass and strength that can increase the risk of physical disability, chronic conditions such as diabetes mellitus and cardiovascular diseases, and long-term mortality. Sarcopenia adversely affects not only the elderly population, but also young adults. This review provides updated definitions of sarcopenia and recommendations for the assessment of muscle quantity and quality.

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Five-Repetition Sit-to-Stand Test Performance in Healthy Individuals: Reference Values and Predictors From 2 Prospective Cohorts

Cited by 19 publications

References 61 publications

Predictors of five-repetition sit-to-stand test performance in patients with lumbar degenerative disease

Predictors of five-repetition sit-to-stand test performance in patients with lumbar degenerative disease

Case–control study of the correlation between the five times sit to stand and 6-min walk distance in patients with pancreatic cancer

Assessment of Muscle Quantity, Quality and Function

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