Five-ring hollow-core photonic crystal fiber with 18 dB/km loss

Frosz, Michael H.; Nold, Johannes; Weiß, Thomas; Stefani, Alessio; Babic, Fehim; Rammler, S.; Russell, P. St. J.

doi:10.1364/ol.38.002215

Cited by 25 publications

(6 citation statements)

References 4 publications

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“…[10]. Particular anti-resonant HCFs (ARHCFs) have recently gained substantial attraction by the Fiber Optics community since they uniquely combine low optical loss and cladding microstructures that demand only moderate fabrication efforts compared to more sophisticated fiber geometries such as photonic band gap HCFs [11][12][13][14][15][16][17][18][19]. The ARHCF geometry that is mostly addressed during recent times is the single-ring anti-resonant or revolver-type fiber (RTF) geometry [20][21][22][23][24][25], consisting of a finite number of thin-walled non-touching glass tubes arranged in a circle at constant azimuthal distances (Figure 1).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Understanding Dispersion of Revolver-Type Anti-Resonant Hollow Core Fibers

Zeisberger

Hartung

Schmidt

2018

Fibers

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Here, we analyze the dispersion behavior of revolver-type anti-resonant hollow core fibers, revealing that the chromatic dispersion of this type of fiber geometry is dominated by the resonances of the glass annuluses, whereas the actual arrangement of the anti-resonant microstructure has a minor impact. Based on these findings, we show that the dispersion behavior of the fundamental core mode can be approximated by that of a tube-type fiber, allowing us to derive analytic expressions for phase index, group-velocity dispersion and zero-dispersion wavelength. The resulting equations and simulations reveal that the emergence of zero group velocity dispersion in anti-resonant fibers is fundamentally associated with the adjacent annulus resonance which can be adjusted mainly via the glass thickness of the anti-resonant elements. Due to their generality and the straightforward applicability, our findings will find application in all fields addressing controlling and engineering of pulse dispersion in anti-resonant hollow core fibers.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Understanding Dispersion of Revolver-Type Anti-Resonant Hollow Core Fibers

Zeisberger

Hartung

Schmidt

2018

Fibers

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“…Loss progression in hollow-core photonic bandgap fibers over the years. The blue squares indicate 7c fibers ( From left to right [55], [57], [79]) and the orange dots 19c fibers (from left to right [49,56], [75] and [80]). For each fiber, the number in the parantheses report the measured operational low loss bandwidth.…”

Section: Current Status Of Photonic Bandgap Fibersmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…As a rule of thumb, each additional ring of cladding air holes reduces the leakage loss by an order of magnitude, which can thus in principle be reduced to zero exactly if an infinite number of cladding rings are included. However, the number of cladding rings required to keep the leakage loss at a negligible level is highly dependent on the size of the core and key structural parameters of the cladding, namely the thickness of the glass struts in the cladding and the size of the glass nodes [10,47,80,114]. The interpretation of leakage loss as emanating from coupling between core and lossy cladding modes offers a helpful insight here.…”

Section: Dependence On Guidance Mechanism and Cladding Designmentioning

confidence: 99%

Loss in hollow-core optical fibers: mechanisms, scaling rules, and limits

Fokoua¹,

Mousavi²,

Jasion³

et al. 2023

Adv. Opt. Photon.

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Over the past few years, progress in hollow-core optical fiber technology has reduced the attenuation of these fibers to levels comparable to those of all-solid silica-core single-mode fibers. The sustained pace of progress in the field has sparked renewed interest in the technology and created the expectation that it will one day enable realization of the most transparent light-propagating waveguides ever produced, across all spectral regions of interest. In this work we review and analyze the various physical mechanisms that drive attenuation in hollow-core optical fibers. We consider both the somewhat legacy hollow-core photonic bandgap technology as well as the more recent antiresonant hollow-core fibers. As both fiber types exploit different guidance mechanisms from that of conventional solid-core fibers to confine light to the central core, their attenuation is also dominated by a different set of physical processes, which we analyze here in detail. First, we discuss intrinsic loss mechanisms in perfect and idealized fibers. These include leakage loss, absorption, and scattering within the gas filling the core or from the glass microstructure surrounding it, and roughness scattering from the air–glass interfaces within the fibers. The latter contribution is analyzed rigorously, clarifying inaccuracies in the literature that often led to the use of inadequate scaling rules. We then explore the extrinsic contributions to loss and discuss the effect of random microbends as well as that of other perturbations and non-uniformities that may result from imperfections in the fabrication process. These effects impact the loss of the fiber predominantly by scattering light from the fundamental mode into lossier higher-order modes and cladding modes. Although these contributions have often been neglected, their role becomes increasingly important in the context of producing, one day, hollow-core fibers with sub-0.1-dB/km loss and a pure single-mode guidance. Finally, we present general scaling rules for all the loss mechanisms mentioned previously and combine them to examine the performance of recently reported fibers. We lay some general guidelines for the design of low-loss hollow-core fibers operating at different spectral regions and conclude the paper with a brief outlook on the future of this potentially transformative technology.

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“…The optical properties of this class of fibers are defined only by the reflection of light on the elements of the core-cladding interface. AR-HCF has gained tremendous attention in the fiber optics community due to its low loss properties as well as the moderate cladding fabrication efforts necessary, as compared to many different HC-PCFs [2,10,11]. The broadband single mode operation, high power pulse delivery, and high damage threshold are some of the many advantages of these types of fibers.…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

Waveguided CARS in air-filled anti-resonant hollow-core fiber

Bahari

Sower

Wang

et al. 2021

Optical Coherence Imaging Techniques and Imaging in Scattering Media IV

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We study coherent anti-Stokes Raman spectroscopy in air-filled anti-resonance hollow-core photonic crystal fiber, otherwise known as 'revolver' fiber. We compare the vibrational coherent anti-Stokes Raman signal of N 2 , at ∼ 2331 cm −1 , generated in ambient air (no fiber present), with the one generated in a 2.96 cm of a revolver fiber. We show a ∼ 170 times enhancement for the signal produced in the fiber, due to an increased interaction path. Remarkably, the N 2 signal obtained in the revolver fiber shows near-zero non-resonant background, due to near-zero overlap between the laser field and the fiber cladding. Through our study, we find that the revolver fiber properties make it an ideal candidate for the coherent Raman spectroscopy signal enhancement.

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Five-ring hollow-core photonic crystal fiber with 18 dB/km loss

Cited by 25 publications

References 4 publications

Understanding Dispersion of Revolver-Type Anti-Resonant Hollow Core Fibers

Understanding Dispersion of Revolver-Type Anti-Resonant Hollow Core Fibers

Loss in hollow-core optical fibers: mechanisms, scaling rules, and limits

Waveguided CARS in air-filled anti-resonant hollow-core fiber

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