Five Year Experience of Breast Cancer Surgeries

Abstract

Aim: To audit the breast cancer surgeries and to establish the age groups and stage at which breast cancer patients present in our institution. Study design: Retrospective study Place and duration of study: Department of Surgery, Jinnah Hospital, Lahore from January 1st 2017 to December 31st 2021. Methodology: Four hundred and seventy-one breast cancer patients were sorted out. The data included the stage of presentation of breast cancer, age at presentation, year of presentation, gender and surgeries performed according to stage of carcinoma of breast. Results: The patient of breast carcinoma usually presents for medical help in her forties (31%) while patients presented between 18 to 86 years of age. Most patients however presented in stage III. Frequent sentinel lymph node biopsies with breast conservation surgery. All stage III breast carcinoma patients were treated with MRM and level II axillary clearance. BCS with sentinel lymph node biopsy was done for early breast cancer. Conclusion: Carcinoma of breast presents in earlier age in Pakistan as compared to West. Despite limited resources and non-compliant patient population, we are striving to provide standard treatment to all breast cancer patients. Increase in sentinel lymph node biopsies instead of axillary clearance shows this expedition. Keywords: Breast conservation with sentinel biopsy, Stage, Age

Breastfeeding Impact on Cancer in Women: A Systematic Review

“…They concluded that among the women who breastfed, the longer the duration of breastfeeding, the lower the risk of developing ovarian cancer [23]. Other researchers such as Afzal et al and Abdou-Daoud et al similarly tried to study the relationship between breastfeeding and its role as a protective factor in reducing the risk of cancer in the mother; however, they found no significant role between them [15,18]. Increases the risk 1 (6.25%) [10] Decreases the risk 12 (75%) [11,13,14,16,17,[19][20][21][22][23][24][25] Has no impact 3 (18.75%) [12,15,18] Table 3: Breastfeeding characteristics per study and the final conclusion the study yielded with regards to the hypothesis.…”

“…Other researchers such as Afzal et al and Abdou-Daoud et al similarly tried to study the relationship between breastfeeding and its role as a protective factor in reducing the risk of cancer in the mother; however, they found no significant role between them [15,18]. Increases the risk 1 (6.25%) [10] Decreases the risk 12 (75%) [11,13,14,16,17,[19][20][21][22][23][24][25] Has no impact 3 (18.75%) [12,15,18] Table 3: Breastfeeding characteristics per study and the final conclusion the study yielded with regards to the hypothesis. Contrary to the previously aforementioned studies, Gustbée et al observed earlier presentation and even more aggressive form of breast cancer type amongst the women who breastfed when compared to those who did not [10].…”

“…Among the total 16 studies, 12 (75%) of them conclude that breastfeeding decreases the risk of cancer, 3 of them (18.75%) conclude that there is no significant association while 1 study (6.25%) implies that breastfeeding is observed to be associated with a more aggressive type of breast cancer (table 3). 16) Canada 1 (6.25%) [11] Germany 1 (6.25%) [12] Spain 1 (6.25%) [13] South Africa 1 (6.25%) [14] Lebanon 1 (6.25%) [15] Ethiopia 1 (6.25%) [16] United States 7 (43.75%) [17,18,20,21,[23][24][25] Sweden 1 (6.25%) [10] Korea 1 (6.25%) [19] Japan 1 (6.25%) [22] Study design Number of studies (16) Cohort Study 5 (31.25%) [10][11][12][13]22] Case Control 11 (68.75%) [14][15][16][17][18][19][20][21][23][24][25] Type of Cancer Developed Patients with Cancer (14,817)…”

Clinicopathological Features and Survival Outcomes of Metaplastic Breast Carcinoma – An Observational Multi-Centric Study

“…This deviation is not surprising considering that there is a higher rate of mastectomies (62-85%) for all types of breast cancers among Pakistani women. 22,33,34 It is plausible that cultural fears of radiation therapy and fear of recurrence may propel women to undergo mastectomies in our setting, despite similar rates of recurrence with both surgical options. As discussed, a lack of access to resources for radiation and surveillance is also a major contributing factor to this decision.…”