Five-Year Survival with Combined Nivolumab and Ipilimumab in Advanced Melanoma

Abstract

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Immune‐related pancytopenia caused by nivolumab and ipilimumab combination therapy for unresectable melanoma of unknown primary

“…3 Cumulative ipilimumab administration can induce the same disorder by inhibiting CTLA-4, resulting in regulatory T-cell (Treg) dysfunction. A clinical trial of NI combination therapy for metastatic melanoma showed no severe pancytopenia and hematological-related deaths, 4 but the ipilimumab dose in this trial (3 mg/kg) was lower than that (10 mg/kg) used in clinical trials that reported death due to pancytopenia or toxicity. 1,5 Although NI can cause CTLA-4 inhibition to induce Treg dysfunction that results in fatal pancytopenia, our…”

“…To date, only one such case has been reported in the published work. 4 In that case, SCC occurred 20 years after the onset of PCC. The patient had a history of smoking and use of immunosuppressants, which are also considered as risk factors.…”

Metastatic melanoma

“…Cardiac complications such as myocarditis are rare but can be fatal. In addition, neurologic complications must be taken seriously, as myasthenia gravis, peripheral neuropathy, and Guillain‐Barre have been reported …”

Novel cancer therapies for advanced cutaneous melanoma: The added value of radiomics in the decision making process–A systematic review

“…In the previous years novel target therapies and immunotherapies improved overall survival (OS) and progression free survival (PFS) rates (ranging from 37% to 55%) . However only a part of MM patients demonstrate to have benefits and patient selection has become imperative.…”